Science 8

Science 8 Door Yaadvinder Brar

1. key bed

1.1. a bed of rock strata that are readily good to be recognized by reason of physical characteristics

2. Geologic Time Scale a representation of time based on the record a rock on the planet

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWp5ZpJAIAE

4. Double Helix-term that isused to decribe a physichal structure of the DNA

5. DNA-group of atoms carrying a gentic for the growth and the functioning of an orgnainsm

6. Nucleotide-compound consisting to a nuclioside which is linked to a phosphate group

7. Nitrogenous base- nitrogenous compounds that form an important part of nucleotides.

8. tymine- a pyrimidine base C5H6N2O2 that 1 of the four bases coding genetic infornation a linear polymer to the chain of dna

9. Genome- full set of DNA directions that were found inside of one cell

10. helicase - subsance that a produce by ogranisms that mind and might remodel

11. DNA polymerase-specific class of enzyme that are found all non extinct organisms

12. Replication Fork- the point which the 2 strands of the DNA are moved away from each to let a replication of each strand

13. Lagging Strand- 1 of 2 strands that had been found at the DNA replication fork, or junction, inside of the double helix

14. Mutations- cchange in DNA sequence of an organism

15. RNA- a nucliec acid present in all of the living cells that has a structial similarities to DNA.

16. Gene- basic physical and functional unit of heredity

17. mRNA- the singular stran has information form making a protein

18. translation- Process of making proteins from RNA and translation can happen in ribosomes

19. Codon- sequence of three nuclear tides

20. tRNA- smal RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis

21. artificial selection- identification by humans of desireable traits in living organisms like plants and animals and the steps taken to increase and make the traits in future generations

22. Genetic Engineering- a modification that had been done with a purpose and consciously

23. GMO's- is a plant, animal or microbe in which changes had been made because of the genome

24. Acceleration- the rate at which velocity changes with time, in term of how fast your going and direction

25. Contact Forces- force applied by a thing in contact with each other

26. Friction- force that withstands motion when surface of one object comes in contact with surface of another

26.1. Friction: Crash Course Physics #6 - YouTube www.youtube.com › watch

27. Net Force - sum of all forces acting on a thing

28. Posititon -point used to find or describe where something is located

29. Displacement- moving of thing form its position

30. Average Speed - the total distance that i being travelled at an object

31. Vector- quantity of having direction

32. Newtons 3rd law of motion - there is an equal and opposite reaction

33. force pairs- two forcces act at same point with equal magnitude but opposite direction

34. Normal Forces force that surfaces exert to avoid solid tihngs from passing through each other https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRQq4_ry9-Q

35. Gravitational Field a vector field used to explain influnecces that a body extends into space aroudn itself

36. Gravitational Force and Distance proportional in an inverse way to suqare of distance between 2 objects

37. Gravitational Acceleration - object getting accerlaraiton due to force of gravity

38. General Relativity - gemetric theroy of gravitaiton

39. Mechanical Energy - energy of either a thing that is in motion or energy stored inside of the objects by their position

40. Conservation of energy - fundmental law of physichs and chemistry starting that toal energy of isloated system is constant despite international cnahges

41. Thermal Energy Transformation -converted chamichal energy into heat energy which in turn cenverted into electrical energy

41.1. Unit 2 - Module 2 - Lesson 1

41.2. Kinetic energy -object with energy due to it's motion

41.3. Kinetic energy and mass -kitnetic energy is motion energy depending on the obejcts mass and how fast it goes

41.3.1. Unit 2 - Module 2 - Lesson 2

41.3.1.1. Potential Energy - energy being possessed by body by vitue ot the position relative to others https://www.google.com/search?q=potential+energy&source=lmns&tbm=vid&bih=891&biw=1517&rlz=1CANKTO_enUS970US971&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI4rK7vvKDAxXHFFkFHTNeC-cQ0pQJKAR6BAgBEAo&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=in%20this%20video-,Kinetic%20Energy%20and%20Potential%20Energy%20%2D%20YouTube,www.youtube.com%20%E2%80%BA%20watch,-13%3A18

41.3.1.2. Gravitational Potential Energy - energy beign possessed of aquired due to the position changing

41.3.1.3. Elastic Potential Energy - energy stored as a result of applying force to deform an elastic thing https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=416e6a74c5a20e4b&sca_upv=1&rlz=1CANKTO_enUS970US971&q=elastic+potential+energy&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUwJjUv_KDAxWRQjABHelbA48Q0pQJegQICxAB&biw=1517&bih=891&dpr=0.9&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=in%20this%20video-,Elastic%20Potential%20Energy%20%2D%20YouTube,www.youtube.com%20%E2%80%BA%20watch,-1%3A47

41.4. Kinetic energy and speed - energy prosessed by object in motion

41.4.1. Unit 2 - Module 2 - Lesson 3

41.4.1.1. Mechanical Energy -energy of either a tihng moving of the energy that has been stored in it

42. Controlling electromagnets - adjusting current electric letting magnetic field to be switched off and strength adjusted

42.1. Population -amount of people tha lvie in place https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRcxGJcBDVo

42.2. Natural Resources - mineral found in nature

43. Electric Motor - machine the changes electrical energy to machinchal energy

44. Electric Generator - a gadget that changes mechinachl energy obtained from external source to eletrical engery

45. Direct Current- electirc curent going in only one direction

46. Wave-disturbance in medium that carries energy with no net mvoe of perticles

47. - Tranverse Wave - motion in which all points on a wave move along the paths at right angles to direction of wave´s advance.

48. - Longitudinal Waves-a type of a wave which the medium vibration is parrallel to direction of the wave is going

49. Sound Waves- Pattern or disturbance due to energy movement going through medium as it propagates from source of sound

50. Intensity- size of quantity per area

51. Frequency- measuremnt of amount of times an event that happend mroe than once happens per unti fo time

52. Reflection- the chae in the direcction propagation a a wave that hits boundaries between the mediums

53. Transmission- when wave goes through a medium

54. Wave- a long body of water a curved shape

55. - Tranverse Wave motion in which all points on a wave move along paths at 90 degree angle

56. - Mediums wave on surface of a body

57. - Longitudinal Waves type of wave in which the medium vibration is parrallel to direction of wave https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cDAYFTXq3E

58. Wavelength- distacne betwen indentical points in cycles of wave forming

59. Intensity- speed at which it makes energy go form one to another divided by area over where the energy is spread https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIBefIRqg_E

60. Frequency- amounts of waves that pass through a point in certain period of time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Axx8WfxQDkk

61. Light- the brightnesss from a thing the shines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBosbqByR3c

62. Light Energy kinetic energy able to make light to be seen

63. Speed of light physichal contact speedd at electromegetic radiation

64. Transparent -able to look through

65. Opaque- the ability to not see through

66. Law of Reflection - ray reflection

67. Concave mirrors a mirror shaped like ball wich surface reflection

68. Convex Mirror - mirror in which reflective parts bends towards the light source

69. Regular Reflection - when beem of straight light is incidident of rays that are smooth and when rays reflecct they are fully straight.

70. Scattering small amount of a thing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsxxO1YgQVI

71. Population- the ammount of species that live in a place

72. Lunar Phase varyign apeearances of moon seen from the world

73. Waning Phases phase in which it visible area shrinks

74. - Longitudinal Waves type of wave in which the medium vibration ins parralle

75. Increasing Magnetic Field Strength -when current goes up the strength goes up too

76. Unconformities

76.1. a surface where a rock erodes away, and produces a break, or a gap, in the rocck record

77. Angled unconformity

77.1. an uncomforty where horizontally parralel starta of sedmentary rock are beign deposited on a tilted and eroded layers

78. Disconformity

78.1. something thats not extinct and where the layers below and above an erosional boundary

79. Nonconformity

79.1. a contact that seperates a younger sedimentary rock unit from an igneous form a diruption of another rock

80. Correlation

80.1. a stastacial measurement that pounts out to which 2 or more variables

81. Adenine- 1 of the 4 basic building blocks of the nucliec acid pard of the DNA

82. Cytosine- a white/uncolored crystalline that occurs in nucliec acids

83. DNA Replication- process by which genome's DNA had been copied inside the cells

84. Primase- an enzyme that makes a short DNA sequences that are known as primers

85. Semi-Conservative Replication- during a DNA replication 2 of the strands of nucleotides that are moved away from each other the two strand will then form a template for some free nucleotides to fasten to create 2 identical daughter strands

86. Leading Strand- single DNA strand that, during a DNA replication that is copied in the 3'-5' replication

87. Ligase- the joining of 2 DNAs fragments throught the formation of a phosphodiester bond

88. Cancer- disease that caused by which cells that have divided without any controll and spread into surrounding tissues

89. Uracil- 1 out the 4 nuclet bases inside of the RNA

90. Transcription- process of making an RNA from DNA

91. Ribosomes- a protein making facotry

92. Amino acid- organic compound contianing an amino and carboxyl group to make protein molecules

93. Anti- Codon: against a sequence of 3 nuclear tides

94. Peptide Bonds- chemichal bond that is formed in between the 2 molecules when the carboxyl group of one moleucle reacts witht the amino group of the other molecule

95. Selective Breeding- selecting parents with characteristics that are particular to breed together and have offsprings with more desirable characteristics

96. Recombinant DNA- A DNA strand made artifically and is formed by the combination of two or more gene sequences

97. Unit 1 - Module 3

97.1. fossilization- process on an animal or plant be coming maintinaed is a hard way, petrified form

97.2. mineralization- ogranic matter in changes to mineral nutrients

97.3. Carbonization- process of concentrating and clenaing carbon by denaturing orgnainc matter with hot air in presence of little oxegen to oxygen free. https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=583177807&rlz=1CANKTO_enUS970US971&q=Carbonization&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjEvoXv28mCAxUwJ0QIHUdEAGAQ0pQJegQIDRAB&biw=1517&bih=909&dpr=0.9&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=Visualization%20of%20biomass,com%20%E2%80%BA%20watch

97.4. Molds and Casts- tpyes of fossilization where physichal characteristics of ongranisnms are impressed onto rocks.

97.5. Trace Fossils- fossil supplying non direct evident of ancient plants or animals like footprints, nests, burrows, fences.

97.6. Organic Matter- matter from an ogragnism lving recently

97.7. Relative Age Dating- process of determining if a rock of geologic event is older of yonuger than another rock

97.8. Absolute Age Dating- assigning acutual dates

97.9. Extinctions- dissaperarance of speices on oru planet

97.10. Geologic Time Scale- time sclae dvides up history of earth based on life-forms

97.11. Transitional Fossil- a fossil that shows intermediary link between groups of organisms

97.12. Sudden Environmental Change- big changes is big compementsof climate system

97.13. Gradual Environmental Change- climate changing slowly

97.14. Homologous Structures- physichal feature in smiliarities in orgnaisms that share a common ancestor

97.15. Analogous Structures- biological structures that are having same or correspodning functions

97.16. Vestigial Structures- feautres of an orgnaism that are consisdered to have lost a lot or all theri orignnial function throught evolution https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=583177807&rlz=1CANKTO_enUS970US971&q=vestigial+structures&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3-Kmo3MmCAxUqJkQIHdpHCXcQ0pQJegQICRAB&biw=1517&bih=909&dpr=0.9&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=What%20are%20Vestigial%20Structures%3F%20%2D%20YouTube,www.youtube.com%20%E2%80%BA%20watch

97.17. Embryology- study of growth of an embryo from stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

97.18. Molecular Biology- branch of biology that studie the molecar systems basic of bilogical activity https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=583177807&rlz=1CANKTO_enUS970US971&q=Molecular+Biology&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7yICG3MmCAxV0MUQIHT65Aa4Q0pQJegQICRAB&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=Basic%20Molecular%20Biology,com%20%E2%80%BA%20watch

98. Forces- to puch or pull on a thing that has masses causes to change velocity

99. Newtons 2nd Law of motion- acceration of body is directly proportional to net force acting on body and inversley proportional to mass o body

100. Free Body Diagram - sketch of object of interest with all surroundings objects that are stripped away and all forces acting on body shown

101. Newtons 1st Law of motion - a thing that is rest and remains at rest, or in motion, remainign in motion at contact velocity unless acted on by a net external force

102. Position- place where an object is located

103. Speed- rate at which an object is going, how fast something is going

104. Velocity- speed of something in a given direction Full Concept of Velocity - Physics | Infinity Learn - YouTube www.youtube.com › watch

105. Distance Time Graphs - shows how far an object has gone in given time

106. Collision Forces froce on two things that cause accelration between them

107. Noncontact Force - force applied to object by another body that isn't in contact in a direcct way

108. Gravitational Force - force by which a planet or toehr body draws objects towards it's center

109. Gravitational Force and Mass magnitude of force is proportional in a direcct way to masses of 2 objects and proportional in an inverse way to suqare fo distane between 2 objects

110. Gravity in our solar system what holds the planets in orbit around the sun that keeps moon in orbit around our planet

111. Weight- relative mass of a thing

112. Work- energy that gets transferred by force acting on a thing as it is bieng displaced

113. Electromagnetism- interation of element currents

114. Electric Current- eletrical power flowing or change https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=7fb4d62672696752&sca_upv=1&rlz=1CANKTO_enUS970US971&q=electric+current&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxm-61jeOEAxU6IjQIHb8VCcQQ0pQJegUIhAEQAQ&biw=1517&bih=891&dpr=0.9&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=Electric%20current%20(video,ee%20%E2%80%BA%20ee%2Dcurrent

115. Magnetic Fields - region around magentic thing or move eletric charge within force of magnesium acts

116. Generating Electric Current - moving metal wire through magnetic field

117. Mechainchal to Electric Enegry- A generator

118. Alternating Current - a tpye of current electric wich a direction of flow of electron switch back and foruth

119. - Vibration -repeated back and fourth motion of particle when displaced from it´s equibirium position

120. Mechanical Wave- avibration in matter makes energy go from place through a material to get to the other.

121. - Wavelength- distance between identical points in closer cycles of a waveform

122. Amplitude- maximum of displacement or distance mvoed by points on vibrating body or wave measured from opposing forces

123. Decibel- unit of sound

124. Frequency- description of the sound if it is high or low

125. Absorption- energy transfer from wave to medium https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uHk1Q-Qb8k

126. Diffraction- inrolling out of waves as the waves go by through aperture or around things

127. Vibration- periodic wiggle in time

128. - Mechanical Wave vibration in matter that move energy through a thing

129. - Mediums radiowave with in lenght of 100 and 1000 meters

130. - Sound Waves pattern of disturbance cuased by movement of energy moving through medium

131. Decibel- measurment of sound intensity

132. Pitch- perception sound of a wave

133. Radiant Energy electromegnetic transferring energy

134. Light brightness- amount of light come to shine

135. Light sources - gadgets who frist function is the hold visiblility

136. Translucent- letting light but not in detailed ways to get through

137. Reflection- th way of a same looking thing on an object

138. Virtual image picture forms from a seperation

139. Focal Point - points of where rays meet up after reflection

140. Real image rays form an object image

141. Diffuse Reflection - light reflection from surface

142. Population amount of people or inhabitats in places

143. THe Moon- satatleite of the world visible by reflection sunlight

144. Waxing Phases def- new moon phase and full moon phase