1. ADDIE (1975) developed by US Army For Training
1.1. Analysis
1.1.1. Goal setting
1.2. Design
1.2.1. Create learning objectives, content, assessment media selection.
1.3. Devlop
1.3.1. Production and testing
1.4. Implementation
1.4.1. Modifications, redesign, update, and edit the course.
1.5. Evaluation
1.5.1. See if, project goals are met
2. Dick and Carey Model (1978)
2.1. Instructional Goals
2.1.1. Identify what students need to learn
2.2. Instructional Analysis
2.2.1. Identify the skills that students need to learn
2.3. Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics
2.3.1. Determining learners demographics, prior knowledge etc.
2.4. Performance Objectives
2.4.1. Specific goals and objectives for the lesson. ex- SWBAT
2.5. Criterion-Referenced Test Items
2.5.1. Create a tests
2.6. Instructional strategy
2.6.1. Determine modes of instruction engagement activities,time etc
2.7. Instructional Materials
2.7.1. Select instructional Materials like textbooks, journal and newspaper articles, videos, etc.
2.8. Formative Evaluation
2.8.1. Assess Course learning objectives, Revision & scaffolding.
2.9. Summative Evaluation
2.9.1. SE to assess whether the course reached the Instructional Goals.
3. Backward Design Model (1998) (GrantWiggins and Jay McTighe)
3.1. Identify The Desired Outcomes
3.1.1. Make LO using blooms taxonomy
3.2. Determine Appropriate Criteria For Evaluating Students’ Progress
3.2.1. Create an assessment to measure that learning ex- Unit exams, MCQs, SRs, Projects etc.
3.3. Plan The Instructional Methodology And Learning Experience
3.3.1. Flow of lessons,decide resources (videos, articles, activities, Labs etc.