1. BEGINNING & COURSE
1.1. Group of historians
1.1.1. Revolt
1.1.1.1. Planned
1.1.1.1.1. circulation of chappattis & red lotus
1.1.1.1.2. propoganda by sanyasis,faqirs & madaris.
1.1.1.2. Unplanned
1.1.1.2.1. no found any scrap of paper
1.2. Timeline
1.2.1. 10 may 1857
1.2.2. begat at meerut,58 km from delhi
1.2.2.1. 90 men of
1.3. Area covered
1.3.1. punjab- North
1.3.2. Narmada-south
1.3.3. Bihar- east
1.3.4. Rajputana- west
1.4. pioneer discontents
1.4.1. Mangal pande
1.4.1.1. at barrackpore
1.4.1.1.1. for attacking superior officers
1.5. Immediate response
1.5.1. of imprisonment
1.5.1.1. released the comrades
1.5.1.2. kill the officers
1.5.1.3. local infantry joined
1.5.2. proclaimed
1.5.2.1. bhadur shah as emperor of India
1.6. other armies joined
1.6.1. Bengal
1.6.2. awadh
1.6.3. rohilakhand
1.6.4. bundelkhand,doab
1.6.5. parts of bihar & punjab
1.6.6. troops of gwalior & jhansi
1.7. Participation by
1.7.1. common people with spears & axes
1.7.2. peasentry
1.7.3. zamindars
1.7.3.1. Destroy moneylender's account books & records of debt.
1.7.3.2. attack law courts,revenue offices & thanas
1.8. Response by britishers
1.8.1. artisans & labourer
2. WEAKNESS & ITS SUPPRESSION
3. GENERAL CAUSE
3.1. ECONOMICEXPLOITATION
3.1.1. Destroy traditional economic fabric & linkages
3.1.2. led to impoverishment
3.1.2.1. Peasents
3.1.2.2. Artisans & handicraftsmen
3.1.2.2.1. Due to
3.1.2.3. Traditional zamindars & chief
3.1.3. exaggerated by 12 major & numerous minor famines from 1770 to 1857
3.2. British's land & land revenue system
3.2.1. exorbitant land revenue demand
3.2.1.1. new landlords lack traditional ties
3.2.1.2. High rents & eviction in case of no payments
3.2.2. forfeiture of zamindari land & rights
3.2.2.1. replaced by outsiders merchants & officials
3.3. System of law & administration
3.3.1. Prevalence of corruption
3.3.1.1. At lower level
3.3.1.1.1. police
3.3.1.1.2. petty officials
3.3.1.1.3. lower law courts
3.3.2. Complex judicial system
3.3.2.1. flogging,torture& jailing of cultivators & oppress by rich.
3.3.2.1.1. for arrears
3.3.3. Exclusion of middle & upper classes
3.3.3.1. high official post
3.4. Social
3.4.1. Foreignness
3.4.1.1. no social link
3.4.1.2. racial superiority
3.4.1.3. aim is to wealth creation only
3.5. Military losses
3.5.1. First afghan war (1838-42)
3.5.2. Punjab wars (1845-49)
3.5.3. Crimean war(1854-56)
3.5.4. Santhal rebellion(1855-56)
3.6. Annexation & Subordination
3.6.1. By lord dalhousie
3.6.1.1. Awadh in 1856
3.6.1.1.1. Angered company's 75000 sepoy from awadh.
3.6.1.1.2. affect regional & local patriotism
3.6.1.1.3. led to higher land revenue & taxes
3.6.1.1.4. created unemployment
3.6.1.1.5. confiscated the estates
3.6.1.2. Kanpur
3.6.1.2.1. refuse pension to Nana Sahib
3.6.1.3. Jhansi
3.6.1.3.1. aganist rani lakshmibai's will
3.7. shattered the general belief
3.7.1. of invincibility of british arms
3.8. fear of Christian missionaries
3.8.1. law enabled a convert to christainity
3.8.1.1. to inherit his ancestoral property.
3.8.2. maintained christian priest or chaplains in army
3.8.3. instruction in government school & jails
3.9. Religious
3.9.1. abolition of custom of sati
3.9.1.1. legislation of widow remarriage
3.9.2. opening of western education to girls
3.9.3. taxing land belong to temple & mosque
3.10. Sepoy mutiny
3.10.1. Interfering with their religion
3.10.2. erosion of caste orders
3.10.3. forbade sepoy
3.10.3.1. to wear caste& sectarian marks
3.10.3.2. turban or beards
3.10.4. serve overseas by new recruits
3.10.4.1. but for hindus
3.10.4.1.1. travel across the sea was forbidden
3.10.5. racial treatment
3.10.5.1. address as nigger & suar
3.10.6. paid much less than british counterpart
4. IMMEDIATE CAUSE
4.1. New Enfield rifle
4.1.1. greased cartridges
4.1.1.1. greased paper bitten off before loaded
4.1.1.2. composed of beef & pig fat
4.1.1.3. both hindu & muslim -enraged
4.2. 3rd native cavalry refused to accept the greased
4.2.1. 85 out of 91 dismissed & sentence to 10 years imprisonment