8th Grade Science

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8th Grade Science by Mind Map: 8th Grade Science

1. Unit 3

1.1. Modue 1

1.1.1. Lesson 1

1.1.1.1. Wave

1.1.1.2. Vibration

1.1.1.3. Tranverse Wave

1.1.1.4. Mechanical Wave

1.1.1.5. Water waves

1.1.1.6. Mediums

1.1.1.7. Longitudinal Waves

1.1.1.8. Wavelength

1.1.1.9. Sound Waves

1.1.1.10. Amplitude

1.1.1.11. Intensity

1.1.1.12. Decibel

1.1.1.13. Frequency

1.1.1.14. Pitch

1.1.2. Lesson 2

1.1.2.1. Reflection

1.1.2.2. Absorption

1.1.2.3. Transmission

1.1.2.4. Diffraction

1.2. Module 2

1.2.1. Lesson 1

1.2.1.1. Light

1.2.1.2. Radiant Energy

1.2.1.3. Light energy

1.2.1.4. Light brightness

1.2.1.5. Speed of light

1.2.1.6. Light sources

1.2.1.7. Transparent

1.2.1.8. Translucent

1.2.1.9. Opaque

1.2.1.10. Reflection

1.2.2. Lesson 2

1.2.2.1. Law of Reflection

1.2.2.2. Virtual image

1.2.2.3. Concave mirrors

1.2.2.4. Focal Point

1.2.2.5. Convex Mirror

1.2.2.6. Real image

1.2.2.7. Regular Reflection

1.2.2.8. Diffuse Reflection

1.2.2.9. Scattering

2. Unit 4

2.1. Module 1

2.1.1. Lesson 1

2.1.1.1. Population

2.1.1.2. Natural Resources

2.1.1.3. Carrying Capacity

2.2. Module 2

2.2.1. Lesson 1

2.2.1.1. The moon

2.2.1.2. Lunar Phase

2.2.1.3. Waxing Phases

2.2.1.4. Waning Phases

3. Unit 1

3.1. Module 1

3.1.1. Lesson 1 - Analyzing the Rock and Fossil Records

3.1.1.1. Uniformatarianism - Geologic processes that happened in the past are similar to the those today.

3.1.1.2. Absolute age - The actual age of events.

3.1.1.3. Relative age dating - The use of rock layer and fossils to build a rocord of geologic history

3.1.1.4. Sediment - Small pieces of rocks broken down by weathering and erosion.

3.1.1.5. Srata- rock with layers of sediment

3.1.1.6. Relative age - the age of rocks and other geological feature compared to other features nearby

3.1.1.7. Superposition - If a rock layer is undisturbed, the oldest rocks are on the bottom

3.1.1.8. Original Horizontality - Most materials that form rocks are deposited in horizontal layers

3.1.1.9. Lateral Continuity - sediment is deposited in big, continous sheets in all lateral directions

3.1.1.10. Inclusions - If a rock contains bits of another rock, the rock containing the rock isyounger than the bits

3.1.1.11. Cross-cutting Relationships - If a geological feature cuts across another feature, the feature that cuts is younger than the feature containing it

3.1.1.12. Fossil Record - The use of fossils to determine how old a rock is, if there was a mass extinction, and to see what the enviroment of an area was. Simple fossils are in older rocks and comlex fossils are in younger rocks.

3.1.1.13. Mass extinction - A time when many spiecies on Earth became extinct in a short period of time

3.1.2. Lesson 2

3.1.2.1. Unconformities - When rock has eroded away, forming a gap in the rock record

3.1.2.2. Angled unconformity - During a geological event, sediment layers get uplifted and tilted. Sedimentary rock are later laid down on top of the tilted, eroded layers.

3.1.2.3. Disconformity - layers of rock lies on top of other horizontal layers that have been eroded. The surface is a disconformity

3.1.2.4. Nonconformity - When a layer of sedimentary rock is above igneous or metamorphic rock

3.1.2.5. Correlation - Matching rock layers or fossils exposed in one geological region that is similar to another

3.1.2.6. Key Bed - A rock or sediment layer that is used as a marker - contains index fossils

3.1.2.7. Geologic Time Scale - A model of Earth's history from the beginning to the present

3.2. Module 2

3.2.1. Lesson 1

3.2.1.1. James Watson - Scientist that said that DNA was made of two chains the wrapped around eachother

3.2.1.2. Francis Crick - Scientist that said that DNA was made of two chains the wrapped around eachother

3.2.1.3. Rosalind Franklin - A scientist who was the first to find out that DNA was made of two helices

3.2.1.4. Double Helix - a spiral staircase-like shape

3.2.1.5. DNA - a nucleic acid made of two strands made of nucleotides, it holds genetic code

3.2.1.6. Nucleotide - Its is the basic building block of nucleic acids. It contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

3.2.1.7. Nitrogenous Base - Can be either purines or pyrimidines. It is the bases of DNA.

3.2.1.8. Adenine - Nitrogenous base. Pairs with Thymine.

3.2.1.9. Guanine - Nitrogenous base. Pairs with Cytosine.

3.2.1.10. Thymine - Nitrogenous base. Pairs with Adenine.

3.2.1.11. Cytosine - Nitrogenous base. Pairs with Guanine.

3.2.1.12. Genome - Your entire sequence of DNA

3.2.1.13. DNA Replication - The process of two nucleotide strands of the original double helix separating and serving as a template for a new complementary strand.

3.2.1.14. Helicase - an enzyme that unzips the DNA strands.

3.2.1.15. Primase - shows the starting point to bind.

3.2.1.16. DNA polymerase - An enzyme that add the complementary nucleotides to the original strands.

3.2.1.17. Semi-Conservative Replication - In each new strand of DNA one is new and one is the original

3.2.1.18. Replication Fork - The area where DNA replicarion takes place. The strand of DNA splits in half.

3.2.1.19. Leading Strand - The strand that follows the movement of the replication fork

3.2.1.20. Lagging Strand - The strand that will move away from the replication fork

3.2.1.21. Ligase - Fills the gaps in the new DNA strand

3.2.1.22. Mutations - mistake in DNA replication

3.2.1.23. Cancer - a result of a DNA mutation

3.2.1.24. RNA - a nucleic acid that contains ribose as its sugar, uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), is single stranded, and is much shorter than DNA

3.2.1.25. Uracil - Nuecleobase of RNA

3.2.1.26. Gene - a segment of DNA that codes for a characteristic

3.2.1.27. Transcription - The process of turning RNA into mRNA

3.2.1.28. mRNA - A strand that carries the information to make a protein

3.2.1.29. Ribosomes - A cell that funtions like a factory and turns the information to make a protien into a protien

3.2.1.30. Translation - The process of making the instructions of making a protien on mRNA into an actual protien

3.2.1.31. Amino Acids - The thing protiens are made out of

3.2.1.32. Codons - 3 nucleotides that are read by rRNA. Located on mRNA

3.2.1.33. Anti-Codons - 3 nucleotides that are at the end of a tRNA strand that are complemetary to the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand

3.2.1.34. tRNA - RNA molecule that connects amino acids to mRNA

3.2.1.35. Peptide Bonds - Bonds amino acids

3.2.2. Lesson 2

3.2.2.1. Charles Darwin

3.2.2.2. Galapagos Islands

3.2.2.3. HMS Beagle

3.2.2.4. Darwins Finches

3.2.2.5. Natural Selection

3.2.2.6. Survival of the fittest

3.2.2.7. Adaptations

3.2.2.8. Fitness

3.2.2.9. Genetic Variation

3.2.2.10. Common Ancestors

3.2.2.11. Structural adaptation

3.2.2.12. Behavioral adaptation

3.2.2.13. Functional adaptation

3.2.2.14. Camouflage

3.2.2.15. Mimicry

3.2.2.16. Modern Theory of Evolution

3.2.3. Lesson 3

3.2.3.1. Artificial Selection

3.2.3.2. Selective Breeding

3.2.3.3. Genetic Engineering

3.2.3.4. Recombinant DNA

3.2.3.5. GMO's

3.2.3.6. Gene Therapy

3.3. Module 3

3.3.1. Lesson 1

3.3.1.1. Fossilization

3.3.1.2. Mineralization

3.3.1.3. Carbonization

3.3.1.4. Molds and Casts

3.3.1.5. Trace Fossils

3.3.1.6. Organic Matter

3.3.1.7. Relative Age Dating

3.3.1.8. Absolute Age Dating

3.3.1.9. Geologic Time Scale

3.3.1.10. Extinctions

3.3.1.11. Transitional Fossil

3.3.1.12. Sudden Environmental Change

3.3.1.13. Gradual Environmental Change

3.3.2. Lesson 2

3.3.2.1. Homologous Structures

3.3.2.2. Analogous Structures

3.3.2.3. Vestigial Structures

3.3.2.4. Embryology

3.3.2.5. Molecular Biology

4. Unit 2

4.1. Module 1

4.1.1. Lesson 1

4.1.1.1. Reference Point

4.1.1.2. Position

4.1.1.3. Displacement

4.1.1.4. Speed

4.1.1.5. Average Speed

4.1.1.6. Velocity

4.1.1.7. Vector

4.1.1.8. Distance Time Graphs

4.1.2. Lesson 2

4.1.2.1. Acceleration

4.1.2.2. Forces

4.1.2.3. Contact Forces

4.1.2.4. Newtons 2nd Law of motion

4.1.2.5. Friction

4.1.2.6. Free Body Diagram

4.1.2.7. Net Force

4.1.2.8. Newtons 1st Law of motion

4.1.3. Lesson 3

4.1.3.1. Newtons 3rd law of motion

4.1.3.2. Force Pairs

4.1.3.3. Normal Forces

4.1.3.4. Collision Forces

4.1.3.5. Elastic Collision

4.1.3.6. Inelastic Collision

4.1.4. Lesson 4

4.1.4.1. Noncontact Force

4.1.4.2. Gravitational Force

4.1.4.3. Gravitational Field

4.1.4.4. Gravitational Force and Mass

4.1.4.5. Gravitational Force and Distance

4.1.4.6. Gravity in our solar system

4.1.4.7. Gravitational Acceleration

4.1.4.8. Weight

4.1.4.9. General Relativity

4.2. Module 2

4.2.1. Lesson 1

4.2.1.1. Kinetic energy

4.2.1.2. Kinetic energy and speed

4.2.2. Lesson 2

4.2.2.1. Potential Energy

4.2.2.2. Elastic Potential Energy

4.2.2.3. Gravitational Potential Energy

4.2.3. Lesson 3

4.2.3.1. Mechanical Energy

4.2.3.2. Conservation of energy

4.2.3.3. Work

4.2.3.4. Thermal Energy Transformation

4.3. Module 3

4.3.1. Lesson 1

4.3.1.1. Magnet

4.3.1.2. Ferromagnetic Elements

4.3.1.3. Magnetic Force

4.3.1.4. Magnetic Poles

4.3.1.5. Magnetic Fields

4.3.1.6. Compasses

4.3.1.7. Magnetic Strength

4.3.1.8. Magnetic Potential Energy

4.3.1.9. Magnetic Domain

4.3.1.10. Nonmagnetic Materials

4.3.1.11. Magnetic Materials

4.3.1.12. Temporary Magnet

4.3.1.13. Permanent Magnets

4.3.2. Lesson 2

4.3.2.1. Charges

4.3.2.2. Electric Fields

4.3.2.3. Electric Field Strength

4.3.2.4. Electric Potential Energy

4.3.2.5. Electrically charged objects

4.3.2.6. Electrically Neutral

4.3.2.7. Induction

4.3.2.8. Electric Insulator

4.3.2.9. Electric Conductor

4.3.2.10. Conduction

4.3.2.11. Conservation of Charge

4.3.3. Lesson 3

4.3.3.1. Simple Circuit

4.3.3.2. Closed Circuit

4.3.3.3. Open Circuit

4.3.3.4. Charged Particles

4.3.3.5. Electric Current

4.3.3.6. Voltage

4.3.3.7. Energy

4.3.4. Lesson

4.3.4.1. Electromagnetism

4.3.4.2. Electric Current

4.3.4.3. Magnetic Fields

4.3.4.4. Increasing Magnetic Field Strength

4.3.4.5. Controlling electromagnets

4.3.4.6. Electric Motor

4.3.4.7. Generating Electric Current

4.3.4.8. Electric Generator

4.3.4.9. Mechanical to electric energy

4.3.4.10. Direct Current

4.3.4.11. Alternating Current