1. Hieroglyphics
1.1. A pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians, in which many of the symbols are conventionalized, recognizable pictures of the things represented.
1.2. Logogram
1.3. Where is the word 'hieroglyphic' derived?
1.3.1. From two Greek words HIERO means sacred, GLYPHIC means engraving or writing.
1.4. Papyrus is a substrate made from reeds native to Egypt. Wet reeds were placed criss cross over each other, flattened and dried.
2. The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript
2.1. Scrolls were constructed with a long continuous piece of papyrus while others were made up of separate sheets glued together at the edges
2.2. Scrolls
2.3. The drawback to scrolls were that they only allowed for sequential usage. The readers must read the text in the order it was written.
2.4. A codex is a covered and bounded collection of handwritten pages.
2.5. Codex
2.6. The advantages of a codex versus a scroll is the compactness, sturdiness and ease of reference.
3. The Gutenberg Press
3.1. The printing press is a hand press in which ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable handset letters held within a wooden frame
3.2. Printing Press
3.3. How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
3.3.1. 1.Perfected script and made it easier to read 2. Books were made more rapidly 3. Current information could be shared locally and around the world 4. Cost of books decreased allowing more people to buy them 5. Demand grew. Population became more literate 6. Book trade began to flourish, as well as industries such as papermaking 7. Economies became stronger 8. Art and science began to flourish which led to the beginning of the Renaissance
3.4. Moveable type is the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document
4. The Linotype Machine
4.1. A typesetting machine operated from a keyboard that casts an entire line as a single slug of metal
4.2. The Linotype keyboard is a 90 letter keyboard that had no shift key so therefore, uppercase letters had separate keys from lowercase letters, most frequently used letters were on the left.
4.3. A slug is an assembled line of type is then cased as a single piece.
4.4. A matrix is molds for the letter forms.
5. Photography
5.1. The name “photography” originated from the Greek words for light and writing.
5.2. The camera obscura is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen
5.3. Camera Obscura
5.4. Daguerreotype is exposed a light-sensitive metal sheet, which created a direct positive image
5.5. The Calotype process was the subject that exposed onto a light sensitive paper producing a paper negative.
5.6. Gelatin is a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissue.
5.7. James Clerk Maxwell took the first color photograph.
6. Cuneiform
6.1. Cuneiform is wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.
6.2. Pictograms
6.2.1. Cuneiform was created to keep track of buisness transactions
6.3. 3 things we know about the summerians
6.3.1. A theocratic culture ruled by a priest
6.3.2. Skilled artisans who created vases, bowls and other types of pottery
6.3.3. Music seemed to be an important part of their life as well
7. 30,000 years ago CAVE PAINTINGS
7.1. Cave paintings are beautiful, detailed and colorful representations found on the inside of the cave walls and ceilings
7.2. Lascaux Cave
7.2.1. The Lascaux cave is famous for its cave paintings. The most common themes are large animals like bison, horses, and deer.
7.3. 3 reasons why created?
7.3.1. To tell stories or recount events that already happened
7.3.2. As instructional visual aid to help teach about hunting techniques
7.3.3. For magical or religious reasons that if an image of a desired event was painted it might come true