1. Linotype Machine
1.1. Christopher Sholes was the only typewriter that became commercially successful
1.1.1. Clephane was the one who tested Shole's typewriter
1.2. the linotype came from the fact that it produces an entire line of metal type at once
1.2.1. the linotype allows operators to set type from a metal matrix versus papier-mache
1.3. the fist linotype machine was installed in New York tribune in July 1886
1.3.1. the keyboard didn't have a shift key so there was a upper case side and a lower case key side to type
1.3.1.1. the black keys where for the lowercase letters and the white keys were for the uppercase letters
1.3.1.1.1. the blue keys were for Punctuation, Digits, Small capital letters and fixed width spaces
1.4. the linotype created a justified line of text a set a wedges up tell the line was justified
2. Phonetic Alphabet
2.1. Began around 1050 BC
2.1.1. Spread the use of the alphabet into parts of North Africa and Europe
2.1.2. Its simplicity allowed it to be used in multiple languages
2.2. Scholars believed it would be a direct variation of hieroglyphics
2.3. The principle that one sign represents one spoken sound
2.4. Names stared with consonants
2.4.1. The shapes were angular and straight
2.4.2. Written from right to left
2.4.3. The roman alphabet was known as the Latin alphabet
3. The Book
3.1. the two ways the scrolls were constructed there with a long continuous piece of papyrus and made up of separate sheets glued together at the edges
3.1.1. the scrolls where just rolled and others had a wooded end
3.2. the Roman handwriting changed to continue the evolve adding lowercase letters and punctuation
3.3. the early Bible was the format that the Christianity adopt
3.3.1. the codex covered and bound collection of handwritten pages
3.4. the parchment was substrate made from animal skin such as sheep, goats, and cows
3.4.1. it was made by the hide was soaked in water, calcium, flour and salt were added also
4. Gutenberg Press
4.1. Johannes Gutenberg introduced the modern book printing
4.1.1. the worlds first moveable type system was developed in china
4.1.1.1. he created his metal type with lead, thin, and antimony
4.1.1.1.1. the fist book printed was the Bible
4.2. the printing press was ink mass rolled over raised surface of moveable handset black letters held within a wooden frame
4.2.1. the press developed the screw-type for pressing grapes and olive seeds
4.3. Gutenberg saw to invest in his inventions to John Fust
4.3.1. the agreement was that if Gutenberg could not repay the loan with interest after 5 years Fust would get the press, tools, and materials
5. History of Computers
5.1. konrad zuse credited the first freely programmable computer
5.1.1. Howard and Grace designed the Mark series of computers
5.2. UNIVAC was the first commercial computer
5.2.1. John Presper and John Mauchly
5.3. IBM stands for international business machines this was the first high level programming language
5.4. the computer mouse was created by Douglas Engelbart
5.4.1. the nickname was TAIL
5.5. IBM introduced the floppy disk
6. 30,000 years ago Cave Paintings
6.1. cave paintings are paintings that are founded on cave walls and ceilings, and especially refer to those of prehistoric origin. they are also beautiful detailed and colorful paintings.
6.2. Lascaux cave
6.2.1. Is famous for its cave paintings, it was discovered on 12 September in 1940. The cave contained up to nearly 2,000 figures,
6.3. Three reasons why people did the cave paintings
6.3.1. instructional
6.3.2. religious/superstitious
6.3.3. story telling
6.4. On these cave paintings the most common themes found inside them were large animals, and tracing of human hands patterns
6.5. They used brushes to paint which were made out of sticks, small stones, leaves, and animal hair
6.5.1. The paint was created by using water, plant juice, animal blood, soil, charcoal and hematite
6.6. Altamira cave
6.6.1. Was founded in Altamira, Spain
6.6.2. these caves had a red hue because they were caused by the red clay in the soil.
6.6.3. Marcelino San de Sautuola and his daughter Maria where the founders of this cave.
7. Cuneiform
7.1. To help keep track of these business transactions
7.2. They chose to write on clay tablets
7.3. the cuneiform was created the worlds first language
7.4. Summerians
7.4.1. History of our first written language
7.4.2. Beginning of our recorded history
7.4.3. Theocratic culture ruled by a priest king
8. Hieroglyphics
8.1. discovered in the great pyramids and tombs and temples
8.1.1. the logogram were visual symbols representing ideas or objects
8.1.1.1. the three languages that the stone had where Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Demotic, Greek
8.2. this came into the existence a short while after the Cuneiform
8.2.1. the military leaders became scribes to communicate while in battle
8.3. the walls of temple where were decorated to respect
8.3.1. the priests scribes as well because they could read and write instructions on the walls and on papyrus for rituals
8.4. the books of the dead where usually commissioned by the users themselves before the death
8.4.1. later the Napoleon Bonaparte emperor of France invaded Egypt in 1798