1. tried to continue the war. attacked austria in June 1917, but after initial success, the germans moved in and the russians were defeated.
2. Terror
2.1. totalitarian state
2.2. CHEKA arrested and killed opponents
2.3. censorship
2.4. Lenin said a 'dictatorship of the poletariat was needed until russia was fully communist'
3. red guards
3.1. well trained
3.2. dedicated
4. Germans supported LENIN to remove russia from the war
5. November revolution
5.1. events
5.1.1. 6th november
5.1.1.1. - red guards take over bridges/ telephone exchanges
5.1.2. 7th november
5.1.2.1. winter palace
5.1.2.2. provisional government leaders arrested
5.1.2.3. - red guards take over banks, government buildings and railways
5.1.3. 8th november
5.1.3.1. new communist government
5.2. why they succeeded
5.2.1. government
5.2.2. terrible conditions
5.2.3. peasants
5.2.4. War
5.2.5. Bolsheviks
5.2.6. Kornilov
5.2.7. 'peace,bread land'
5.2.8. party newspaper Pravda (means truth)
5.2.9. Financed publicity campaigns
5.2.10. LENIN
5.2.10.1. Brilliant leader
5.2.10.2. great organiser
5.2.10.3. single minded
5.2.11. central committee sent orders to soviets who sent them to factories
5.2.12. demanded total obedience
6. Provisional Government
6.1. the petrograd soviets were very powerful it built up a nationwide network of soviets which took their orders from it. Order number 1-forbid soviets and workers to obey the provisional government unless the soviets agreed.
6.2. they did nothing to try end the power of the soviets
6.3. Terrible conditions
6.3.1. inflation and hunger got worse because the war didn't end
6.3.2. they didn't manage to end the food shortages
6.4. Peasants
6.4.1. started taking land
6.4.2. they sent troops to take back land this made the peasants VERY angry
6.5. war
6.5.1. there was naval mutiny
6.5.2. set up 'death squads' to kill deserters
6.6. Bolsheviks
6.6.1. LENIN published the plans for the 'april theses
6.6.2. 'Peace, Bread and land'
6.6.3. 'all power to the Soviets'
6.7. KORNILOV
6.7.1. provisional government had no control of the army
7. long term causes of the russian revolution.
7.1. all the intitutions that supported the monarchy-such as the Church, the nobility and the faithful loyalty of the peasants-come from the middle ages.
7.2. meanwhile new modern forces were threatening the monarchy such as the middle class, and industrial working class and Marxism.
7.2.1. KARL MARX
7.2.1.1. marx was a german jew who spent the majority of his life in exile as a result of his political beliefs. in his famous work, the communist manifesto. He outlined his theory of social change. this theory came to be known as marxism
8. Bloody sunday
8.1. 22nd January 1905
8.2. As they approached the troops paniked and open fired at the workers.
8.3. it is said that 96 people died and 333 wounded but the actual amount was about 1000 people dead and many more wounded.
8.3.1. hence the name ' bloody sunday'
8.4. this then sparked a wave of protesters.
8.5. a priest called Father Gapon, led a crowd of 200,000 workers through the streets of St Petersbourg to Tsar's winter palace. they intended to deliver a petition to Tsar, listening to their grievances, although Tsar was not in the palace.
9. LENINS russia
9.1. government changes
9.1.1. election November 1917 results:
9.1.1.1. Bolsheviks = 175 seats
9.1.1.2. social revolutionaries = 370 seats
9.2. :lenin did
9.2.1. closed asembilies
9.2.2. killed objectors
9.2.3. ruled by decree
9.3. Brest-litovsk
9.3.1. Bolsheviks ended the war in 1917
9.3.2. treaty gave good agricultural and industrial land to germany
9.3.3. Russia lost
9.3.3.1. Ukrane
9.3.3.2. Estonia
9.3.3.3. Latvia
9.3.3.4. Lithuania
9.4. Communist state
9.4.1. land taken from nobles and given to peasants
9.4.2. Elected committees of workers controlled factories
9.5. Communist society
9.5.1. Religions banned
9.5.2. churches destroyed
9.5.3. priests killed
9.6. labour law
9.6.1. 8 hour day
9.6.2. unemployment pay
9.6.3. pensions
9.6.3.1. New node
9.7. education
9.7.1. science encouraged
9.7.2. history and latin banned
9.7.3. people taught to read
9.8. Communist morals
9.8.1. divorce allowed
9.8.2. abortion allowed
9.8.3. greater equality for women
9.9. war communism
9.9.1. introduced during the civil war
9.9.2. factories taken over
9.9.3. strikes made illegal
9.9.3.1. strikers will be shot
9.9.4. rationing
9.9.5. peasants forced to give surplus food to government
10. the civil war
10.1. Causes
10.1.1. Challenges of the bolsheviks
10.1.1.1. social revolutionaires
10.1.1.2. mensheviks
10.1.1.3. Tsarists
10.1.1.4. Former army officers
10.1.1.5. former land lords
10.1.1.6. political opponents
10.1.1.7. white armies led by general YUDENICH and DENIKEN attacked from the west
10.1.1.7.1. Tried to right-wing/pro-tsar army corp in august 1917.
10.1.1.8. Admiral KOLCHAK attacked from the east
10.1.2. Czech legion
10.1.2.1. prisoners of war mutinied as they were being taken across Russia
10.1.2.2. took control of Trains-siberian railways
10.1.2.3. supported KOLCHAK
10.2. events
10.2.1. 1918
10.2.1.1. Tsar and family killed
10.2.2. 1919
10.2.2.1. red army defeated admiral KOLCHAK
10.2.2.2. British, French, Americans went home
10.2.3. 1920
10.2.3.1. last white army defeated in crimea
10.2.4. 1921
10.2.4.1. red army invaded Poland, defeated
10.2.4.2. famine and disease throughout Russia
10.2.4.3. millions dead
10.3. Why the BOLSHEVIKS won
10.3.1. whites army
10.3.1.1. were disunited
10.3.1.2. thousands of miles apart
10.3.1.3. easy to fight one by one
10.3.2. TROTSKY
10.3.2.1. brilliant leader of red army
10.3.2.2. excellent war strategies
10.3.2.3. clever tactics
10.3.3. Beliefs
10.3.3.1. many Russians believed they were fighting for a better world
10.3.3.2. others hated foreign armies
10.3.3.3. army enthusiatic and determined
10.3.4. war communism
10.3.4.1. factories nationalised
10.3.4.2. military discipline in factories
10.3.4.3. strikes made illegal
10.3.4.4. surplus food handed over to the government
10.3.4.5. rationing
10.3.4.6. sufficent army supplies
10.3.5. Terror
10.3.5.1. cheka murdered whites
10.3.5.2. terror was used to ensure loyalty and unity
10.3.6. bolsheviks had moscow/petrograd=factories and supplies
10.3.6.1. controlled railways=communication/supples
10.3.7. army of 300,000 men
11. NEP (new economic policy
11.1. cause
11.1.1. 1921 kronstadt sailors mutiny
11.2. Demanded
11.2.1. free speech
11.2.2. end to the war communism
11.2.3. free elections
11.2.4. free trade unions
11.3. bolsheviks concerned, bought in NEP.
11.3.1. it was opposed by some members of government as capitalism
11.3.2. but restored some prosperity
11.4. new small buisnesses
11.4.1. small factories returned to owners
11.4.2. small private buisnesses allowed
12. Tsar and tsarina
12.1. unpopular
12.2. hated after bloody sunday
12.3. tsar blamed for WW1 defeats
12.4. tsarina left in charge while Tsar is in charge of the army
13. february revolution
13.1. WHY?
13.1.1. weaknesses
13.1.1.1. peasants
13.1.1.2. poverty
13.1.1.3. corrupt autocracy
13.1.1.4. okhrana
13.1.1.5. censorship
13.1.1.6. lack of support
13.1.2. war
13.1.2.1. army badly led
13.1.2.2. army poorly equiped
13.1.2.3. huge defeats
13.1.2.3.1. tannenburg
13.1.2.3.2. Japan
13.1.2.4. anger and unrest
13.1.3. Attacks and oppostian
13.1.3.1. wanted communist government
13.1.3.2. DUMA
13.1.3.2.1. angry over lack of power
13.1.3.2.2. didn't support the government
13.1.3.3. social revolutionary party
13.1.3.4. social democratic party
13.1.3.4.1. mensheviks
13.1.3.4.2. bolsheviks
13.1.4. reforms failed
13.1.4.1. STOLYPIN had tried
13.1.4.1.1. Primeminister
13.1.4.2. let kulaks buy their own land
13.1.4.3. last chance to reform was lost
13.1.5. industrialisation
13.1.5.1. created huge urban workforce
13.1.5.2. terrible condition
13.1.5.3. disaffection in petrograd
13.2. EVENTS
13.2.1. 7 th March
13.2.1.1. steel workers go on strike
13.2.2. 8th March
13.2.2.1. international womens day
13.2.2.1.1. bread riots
13.2.3. 10th March
13.2.3.1. half workforce on strike
13.2.3.1.1. Tsarina orders troops to stop them
13.2.4. 11th March
13.2.4.1. troops fired at crowds
13.2.4.2. tsar dissolves the DUMA
13.2.5. 12th March
13.2.5.1. soldiers joined riots
13.2.5.2. DUMA set up a 12 man 'provisional government' led by KERENSKY
13.2.5.3. soldiers and workers set up 'petrograd soviets'
13.2.6. 15th March
13.2.6.1. Tsar abdicates
13.3. Army abandoned Tsar
13.3.1. 8th March 1917
13.3.1.1. there were riots in petrograd about the food shortages and the war
13.3.2. 12th March 1917
13.3.2.1. the soldiers mutinied and refused to put down the riots. GOVERNMENT LOST CONTROL OF THE COUNTRY
13.3.3. 13th March 1917
13.3.3.1. Duma went to tsar and told him to abdicate