1. Past Progressive (Past Continuous)
1.1. Used to talk about actions that were happening at a specific time in the past or to describe actions that were in progress when another action interrupted them.
1.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
1.1.1.1. Subject (I-He-She-It) + was + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
1.1.1.1.1. I was studying at 8 p.m.
1.1.1.1.2. She was reading a book when the phone rang.
1.1.1.2. Subject (You-We-They) + were + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
1.1.1.2.1. You were playing soccer yesterday.
1.1.1.2.2. They were watching TV all evening.
1.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
1.1.2.1. Structure:* Subject (I-He-She-It) + was not (wasn't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
1.1.2.1.1. I was not (wasn't) studying at 8 p.m.
1.1.2.1.2. He was not (wasn't) reading a book when the phone rang.
1.1.2.2. Structure:* Subject (You-We-They) + were not (weren't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
1.1.2.2.1. You were not (weren't) playing soccer yesterday.
1.1.2.2.2. They were not (weren't) watching TV all evening.
1.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
1.1.3.1. Was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
1.1.3.1.1. Was I studying at 8 p.m.? Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
1.1.3.2. Were + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
1.1.3.2.1. Were they watching TV all evening? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
1.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTION:
1.1.4.1. Question word + was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
1.1.4.1.1. What was she doing at 8 p.m.? She was reading a book.
1.1.4.2. Question word + were + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
1.1.4.2.1. What were they watching on TV? They were watching a documentary.
2. Past Simple (To be)
2.1. It is used to talk about how things were, their characteristics and facts that were true in the past.
2.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
2.1.1.1. Subject (I-He-She-It) + was + Complement
2.1.1.1.1. I was at home yesterday.
2.1.1.1.2. She was a teacher last year.
2.1.1.2. Subject (You-We-They) + were + Complement
2.1.1.2.1. You were late to the meeting.
2.1.1.2.2. They were at the park.
2.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
2.1.2.1. Subject (I-He-She-It) + was not (wasn't) + Complement
2.1.2.1.1. I was not (wasn't) at home yesterday.
2.1.2.1.2. He was not (wasn't) a teacher last year.
2.1.2.2. Subject (You-We-They) + were not (weren't) + Complement
2.1.2.2.1. You were not (weren't) late to the meeting.
2.1.2.2.2. We were not (weren't) at the park.
2.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
2.1.3.1. Was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Complement?
2.1.3.1.1. Was I at home yesterday? Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
2.1.3.2. Were + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
2.1.3.2.1. Were they at the park? Yes, they were./ No, they weren't.
2.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
2.1.4.1. Question word + was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Complement?
2.1.4.1.1. Where was she yesterday? She was at home.
2.1.4.2. Question word + were + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
2.1.4.2.1. Why were they late? They were stuck in traffic.
3. Past Simple (Do verbs)
3.1. Used to talk about actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.
3.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
3.1.1.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Past verb + Complement
3.1.1.1.1. I visited my grandparents last weekend.
3.1.1.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Past verb + Complement
3.1.1.2.1. She watched a movie yesterday.
3.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
3.1.2.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Auxiliary (did not / didn't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
3.1.2.1.1. I didn't visit my grandparents last weekend.
3.1.2.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Auxiliary (did not / didn't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
3.1.2.2.1. She didn't watch a movie yesterday.
3.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
3.1.3.1. Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
3.1.3.1.1. Did you visit your grandparents last weekend? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
3.1.3.2. Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
3.1.3.2.1. Did she watch a movie yesterday? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
3.1.4. INFORMACTION QUESTIONS:
3.1.4.1. Question word + Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
3.1.4.1.1. What did you do last weekend? I visited my grandparents.
3.1.4.2. Question word + Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
3.1.4.2.1. What did she watch yesterday? She watched a movie.
4. Present Progressive (Present Continuous)
4.1. It is used to talk about actions that are happening right now or during a recent time.l. We often use the auxiliary verbs "am", "is", "are" and the gerund (verb + -ing).
4.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
4.1.1.1. Structure:* Subject (I) + am + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
4.1.1.1.1. I am studying."
4.1.1.2. Structure:* Subject (He-She-It) + is + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
4.1.1.2.1. She is reading a book."
4.1.1.3. Structure:* Subject (You-We-They) + are + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
4.1.1.3.1. "They are playing soccer."
4.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
4.1.2.1. Subject (I) + am not + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
4.1.2.1.1. I am not studying.
4.1.2.2. Subject (He-She-It) + is not (isn't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
4.1.2.2.1. He is not (isn't) reading a book.
4.1.2.3. Subject (You-We-They) + are not (aren't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
4.1.2.3.1. We are not (aren't) playing soccer.
4.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
4.1.3.1. Am + Subject (I) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
4.1.3.1.1. Am I studying? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
4.1.3.2. Is + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
4.1.3.2.1. Is he reading a book? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
4.1.3.3. Are + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
4.1.3.3.1. Are they playing soccer? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
4.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
4.1.4.1. Question word + am + Subject (I) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
4.1.4.1.1. What am I doing? You are studying.
4.1.4.2. Question word + is + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
4.1.4.2.1. What is she reading? She is reading a book.
4.1.4.3. Question word + are + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
4.1.4.3.1. Where are they playing soccer? They are playing soccer in the park.
5. AFFIRMATIVE SENTECES:
5.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement
5.1.1. I start work at 7:00 a.m.
5.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (with -s) + Complement
5.2.1. He starts work at 10:00 a.m.
6. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
6.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Auxiliary (do not / don't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
6.1.1. I don't start work at 9:00 a.m.
6.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Auxiliary (does not / doesn't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
6.2.1. He doesn't start work at 9:00 a.m.
7. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
7.1. Auxiliary (Do) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement
7.1.1. Do you start work at 8:00 a.m.? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
7.2. Auxiliary (Does) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement
7.2.1. Does he start work at 9:00 a.m.? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
8. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
8.1. Question word + Auxiliary (Do) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement
8.1.1. What time do you start work? I start work at 8:00 a.m."
8.2. Question word + Auxiliary (Does) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement
8.2.1. Where does he start work? He starts work at the office.
9. Present Simple (To be verbs)
9.1. Used to describe how something or someone is at a specific time, characteristics and general facts. Using the verb "to be" in its forms "am", "is", "are".
9.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
9.1.1.1. Subject (I) + am + Complement
9.1.1.1.1. I am a teacher.
9.1.1.2. Subject (He-She-It) + is + Complement
9.1.1.2.1. She is a student.
9.1.1.3. Subject(You-We-They) + are + Complement
9.1.1.3.1. They are friends.
9.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
9.1.2.1. Subject (I) + am not + Complement
9.1.2.1.1. I am not a student.
9.1.2.2. Subject (He-She-It) + is not (isn't) + Complement
9.1.2.2.1. He is not (isn't) a teacher.
9.1.2.3. Subject (You-We-They) + are not (aren't) + Complement
9.1.2.3.1. We are not (aren't) late.
9.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
9.1.3.1. Am + Subject (I) + Complement?
9.1.3.1.1. Am I late? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
9.1.3.2. Is + Subject (He-She-It) + Complement?
9.1.3.2.1. Is she a teacher? Yes, she is." / "No, she isn't.
9.1.3.3. Are + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
9.1.3.3.1. Are they friends? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.
9.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
9.1.4.1. Question word + am + Subject (I) + Complement?
9.1.4.1.1. Where am I? You are in the classroom.
9.1.4.2. Question word + is + Subject (He-She-It) + Complement?
9.1.4.2.1. Who is she? She is my sister.
9.1.4.3. Question word + are + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
9.1.4.3.1. Why are they here? They are here for the meeting.