1. Islam (Religion)
1.1. The Qur'an
1.1.1. a record of what Muhammed has been told
1.1.2. Written own by Muhammed's followers
1.1.3. Must wash self before use
1.1.4. the literal word of god
1.1.5. describes the five pillars of islam
1.2. Beliefs
1.2.1. Prophet Muhammed
1.2.1.1. No more prophets to to mankind. Muhammed last one
1.2.2. Five Pillars of Islam
1.2.2.1. Shahadah
1.2.2.1.1. The following prayer is repeated daily
1.2.2.2. Salat
1.2.2.2.1. At least five times a day a muslim must pray
1.2.2.3. Zakat
1.2.2.3.1. 2.5% of total assets must be given to poor or widows
1.2.2.4. Sawm
1.2.2.4.1. During the month of Ramadan muslims fast from dawn till dusk.
1.2.2.5. Hajj
1.2.2.5.1. If Believers can afford it, a pilgrimage to mecca must be made at least once in a lifetime
1.2.3. Jews and Christians are to be respected
1.2.4. Practice goodly-ness
1.2.4.1. Humility
1.2.4.2. alms to the poor
1.2.4.3. forgive enemines
1.2.4.4. be patient
1.2.4.5. return good for evil
1.2.4.6. Sufi Stories
1.2.5. forbidden to
1.2.5.1. eat pork
1.2.5.2. worship graven images
1.2.5.3. accept interest of personal loans
1.2.5.4. drink
1.2.5.5. have a representation of god or muhammed
1.2.5.6. gamble
1.2.6. No sacrement or priesthood
1.2.7. may practice polygamy
1.2.8. Promise of salvation
1.2.8.1. Paradise
1.2.8.2. You die in the defense of Islam, you will go to paradise
1.2.8.3. Infidels are condemned to hell
1.2.9. Judgement day
1.2.9.1. Resurrection of the dead
1.3. Worship
1.3.1. The Mosque is the Islamic place of worship
1.3.1.1. minerat
1.3.1.1.1. A place where a muezzin calls prayer to the city
1.3.1.1.2. muezzin
1.3.2. Praying is one the five pillars called salat
1.3.3. To pray is to take out your duty to God
1.3.4. The main point of Muslim prayer is communicating with Allah using Arabic
1.3.5. Before prayer and reading the Qur'an, you must wash yourself to be pure before god
1.3.5.1. called wudu
1.3.6. Imam is the priest like figure
1.3.7. Salah can happen anywhere, it can take place at a Mosque or a home but wudu and a prayer mat must me used
1.3.7.1. must wash self
1.3.7.2. must use prayer mat
1.4. Prophet Muhammed
1.4.1. Prophet Muhammed is very important in Islam and is highly respected by all Muslims
1.4.2. first wife was Khadija
1.4.3. Jibril came down from heaven and gave him a revelation
1.4.4. Prophet Muhammed taught people in Meccah about Allah even though he was at risk as people worshipped idols then
1.4.5. helped place the black stone
1.4.5.1. a stone said to have fallen from god
1.4.6. Conducted the Hegira/Hijrah
1.4.6.1. the flock of Muhammed and his followers from mecca to medina
1.5. Sects
1.5.1. Sunni
1.5.1.1. believed
1.5.1.1.1. Believed caliphate should be elected
1.5.1.1.2. anyone can be part of the caliphate
1.5.1.2. 85% of all muslims
1.5.1.3. Wahabi
1.5.1.3.1. Branch of sunni
1.5.1.3.2. very very fundamentalist
1.5.2. Shia
1.5.2.1. could be known as Shi'ite
1.5.2.2. believed
1.5.2.2.1. the caliphate should be hereditary
1.5.2.2.2. and needs to be direct decendant of muhammmed
1.5.2.3. 15% of muslims
1.5.2.4. Mostly muslim fundimentalists
1.5.2.5. ismali
1.5.2.5.1. branch of shia
1.5.2.5.2. very very progressive
2. Islamic Society
2.1. Gender issues
2.1.1. many misconceptions about islamic gender issues
2.1.1.1. because of pre judging the religon on actions of few
2.1.1.2. the lack of distiction between culture and religion
2.1.2. role of men and women
2.1.2.1. men to earn livelyhood for family
2.1.2.2. importance of motherhood and educators for women
2.1.2.2.1. however
2.1.2.3. Equality before god
2.1.2.3.1. Qu'ran 4:124
2.1.3. status of women
2.1.3.1. the prophet Muhammed holds in high regard
2.1.3.1.1. wasail al-shiah v.3 p.6
2.1.3.1.2. quoted saying "heaven lies beneath the feet of mothers'
2.1.4. Marrige
2.1.4.1. marigage highly encouraged
2.1.4.2. sex before marriage banned for both sexs
2.1.4.3. NO adultery
2.1.4.3.1. punishment 100 whips
2.1.4.4. divorce
2.1.4.4.1. frowned apon
2.1.4.4.2. male can for any reason
2.1.4.4.3. female can only divorce if male is
2.1.4.5. dower
2.1.4.5.1. necessary for marriage
2.1.4.5.2. gift to wife
2.1.4.6. Polygamy
2.1.4.6.1. not a rule
2.1.4.6.2. islam resrticted polygamy
2.1.4.6.3. condition for wives
2.1.4.6.4. need context for marriage
2.1.4.6.5. prophet muhammad
2.1.5. Hijab
2.1.5.1. both men and women
2.1.5.2. different phases
2.1.6. disciplinary action
2.1.6.1. islam does not condone or promote physical punishment
2.1.6.1.1. conditions
2.1.7. Inheritance
2.1.7.1. Sons receive 2/3
2.1.7.2. women get 1/3
2.1.7.3. mothers and fathers receive the same amount from their children
2.2. Architecture
2.2.1. Arabesque
2.2.1.1. vine like art on the wall of mosques and buildings
2.2.2. caligraphy
2.2.2.1. the creation of words was an art form
2.2.3. dome of the rock
2.2.3.1. beautiful building built in jeruslem
2.2.3.2. constructed by the Umayyad Caliph
2.2.4. lattice work for ventilation on windows
2.3. Sheria Law
2.3.1. Death
2.3.1.1. apostasy
2.3.1.1.1. desertion of ones faith
2.3.1.2. highway robbery
2.3.1.3. adultery
2.3.1.3.1. stoning
2.3.2. right hand cut off
2.3.2.1. theft
2.3.3. 80 lashes
2.3.3.1. drinking alcohol
2.4. Contrabutions
2.4.1. Education
2.4.1.1. founded many universities
2.4.1.1.1. preserved greco-roman culture
2.4.2. mathematics
2.4.2.1. arabic numerals
2.4.2.2. futhered algebra, geometry and trig
2.4.3. Physical Science
2.4.3.1. prepared new chemical compounds
2.4.3.2. new metal refining and cloth dyeing
2.4.3.3. gained knowledge of light and vision
2.4.4. Medicine
2.4.4.1. used anesthetics
2.4.4.2. compiled medical textbook
2.4.5. agriculture
2.4.5.1. improved
2.4.5.1.1. rotating crops
2.4.5.1.2. fertalizer
2.4.6. industry
2.4.6.1. made many things
2.4.6.1.1. leather
2.4.6.1.2. steel
2.4.6.1.3. cloth
2.4.6.1.4. glass
2.4.6.1.5. smooth paper
2.4.6.1.6. rugs
2.4.7. literature
2.4.7.1. kept great libraries
2.4.8. langauge
2.4.8.1. spread arabic langauge
2.4.8.2. made many english words
2.4.8.2.1. alcohal
2.4.8.2.2. algebra
2.4.8.2.3. almanae
2.4.8.2.4. cipher
2.4.8.2.5. coffee
2.4.8.2.6. cotten
2.4.8.2.7. syrup
2.4.8.2.8. sofa
3. Islamic Empire
3.1. Caliph
3.1.1. Chief of muslim government and religious activities
3.1.2. Rightly Guided Calphs
3.1.2.1. Uthman
3.1.2.1.1. Distributed the Qur'an
3.1.2.2. Umar
3.1.2.2.1. Conquered regions outside Arabia
3.1.2.3. Abu Bakr
3.1.2.3.1. United waring Arabic tribes
3.1.2.4. Ali
3.1.2.4.1. Distributed the Qur'an
3.1.2.4.2. Civil war with
3.2. Umayyad dynasty
3.2.1. Mu'awiya
3.2.1.1. Established herditary succession
3.2.1.2. capital of empire moved to damascus
3.2.1.3. campaigned to take North africa
3.2.2. Abd al-malik
3.2.2.1. stamped coins with islamic figures
3.2.2.2. conquest of Byzantine and Sassinid lands
3.2.2.3. Made Arabic administrative langauge
3.2.3. Walid I
3.2.3.1. Expanded Territory
3.2.3.2. Built Umayyad Mosque
3.3. Abbasid Dynasty
3.3.1. Al-Mansur
3.3.1.1. liked Persian history and culture
3.3.1.2. moved capital from Damascus to Iraq (Baghdad)
3.3.1.3. Created the position of Vizer
3.3.1.4. integration of Mawalis into admin.
3.3.1.5. rise of ulama and four schools of sunni law
3.3.2. Harun Al-Rashid
3.3.2.1. collected arab and persian fables
3.3.2.2. peak of intellectual and cultural achievments
3.3.3. Mu'tasim
3.3.3.1. Surrounded himself with turkish gaurds
3.3.4. Iberian expansion
3.3.4.1. by 761 conqured by arabian warriors
3.3.4.2. unified the Spanish people
3.3.4.3. intermarried with locals
3.3.4.4. many great buildings constructed
3.3.4.4.1. Alhambra
3.4. Fatimid Dynasty
3.4.1. Spanned all of north africa
3.4.2. centered in egypt
3.5. Sultan
3.5.1. A dictatorial rule over a province in the Islamic empire
3.5.2. Saladin
3.5.2.1. First Sultan of Egypt and Syria
3.5.2.2. Lead opposition against the crusaders at Levant
3.6. Ottoman Empire
3.6.1. the final stage of the Islamic empire
3.6.2. centered in turkey