1. Amino acids
1.1. Structure
1.1.1. R group (the variable which dictates how the amino acid comes out)
1.1.2. Hydrogen atom
1.1.3. Carbon backbone
1.1.4. Carboxyl group and Amine group
1.2. Function: The building blocks of all proteins. There are 22 types of amino acids, allowing infinite possibilities for proteins
2. Levels of Protein Structure
2.1. Primary
2.1.1. One-dimentional, simply the sequence/chain of amino acids that make up the protein's polypeptide chains. It serves as the 'code' for the 3-dimentional protein
2.2. Secondary
2.2.1. The beta pleated sheets or alpha helixes consisting of polypeptide chains
2.2.1.1. in both sheets and helixes, hydrophobic side stays tucked within, while hydrophilic side is external
2.3. Tertiary
2.3.1. 3-dimentional units, consisting of secondary structures held together by various bonds
2.4. Quaternary
2.4.1. Consisting of multiple tertiary structures
3. Fibrous vs Globular Proteins
3.1. Fibrous Proteins
3.1.1. Structure
3.1.1.1. - Repetitive amino acid sequence - Long, linear shape and many fibrils
3.1.2. Function
3.1.2.1. - Strength and support in tissues - Components of hair, connective tissues
3.2. Globular Proteins
3.2.1. Structure
3.2.1.1. - Random amino acid sequence - Spherical and wound up, like a ball of yarn
3.2.2. Function
3.2.2.1. - Enzymes - Transportation - Signalling and regulation