1. IQ1. What distinguishes one cell from another? (cell structure)
1.1. Prokaryotic
1.1.1. No Nucleus
1.1.2. unicellular
1.1.3. No membrane bound organelles
1.1.4. Very Small 0.1-5 micrometres
1.1.5. Circular plasmid DNA
1.1.6. DNA in dense region (no structure and loosley organelles)
1.1.7. e.g. Bacteria, Archea
1.2. Eukaryotic
1.2.1. Nucleus present
1.2.2. DNA is linear inside nucleus
1.2.3. Membrane bound organelles
1.2.4. Large in size 10-100 micrometres
1.2.5. Unicellular or multicellular
1.3. Technologies
1.3.1. Light
1.3.1.1. Used for Living things
1.3.1.2. Uses a light source
1.3.1.3. Magnification 1500x
1.3.1.4. Resolution 200nm
1.3.2. Resolution (between 2 objects)
1.3.3. Magnification (increase in size of image)
1.3.4. Electron
1.3.4.1. SEM
1.3.4.1.1. 10nm resolution
1.3.4.1.2. 500,000x magnification
1.3.4.2. TEM
1.3.4.2.1. Electrons transmitted through specimen
1.3.4.2.2. 1.5 mil magnification
1.3.4.2.3. 2nm resolution
1.3.4.3. 2D, Black and white colour on a dead specimen
1.3.4.4. Beam of electrons
1.3.5. Fluorescent
1.3.5.1. Sample is labelled with a fluorescent substance
1.4. Organelles
1.4.1. Chloroplast
1.4.2. Mitochondria
1.4.3. Golgi body
1.4.4. Ribosomes
1.4.5. Cytoplasm
1.4.6. Lysosomes
1.4.7. Endoplasmic reticulum
1.4.7.1. Smooth or Rough
1.4.8. Cell membrane
1.4.8.1. Fluid Mosaic model
1.4.8.1.1. Hydrophillic Head
1.4.8.1.2. Hydrophobic Tail
1.4.8.1.3. Lipid bilayer
1.4.8.1.4. Cholesterol and protein
1.4.9. Nucleus
2. IQ2. How do cells coordinate activities within their internal environment and the external environment?
2.1. Movement of materials
2.1.1. Passive transportation
2.1.1.1. Along concentration gradient
2.1.1.2. no energy required
2.1.1.3. Osmosis
2.1.1.4. Diffusion
2.1.2. Active transport
2.1.2.1. Requires energy
2.1.2.2. Against concentration gradient
2.1.2.3. Endocytosis
2.1.2.3.1. Phagocytosis
2.1.2.3.2. Bringing a substance into a cell
2.1.2.3.3. Pinocytosis
2.1.2.4. Exocytosis
2.1.2.4.1. The process of transporting substances produced by the cell into a extracellular environment (outside of cell).
2.1.3. Factors affecting movement
2.1.3.1. Surface Area : Volume
2.1.3.2. Chemical
2.1.3.2.1. Charge
2.1.3.2.2. Solubility
2.1.3.3. Physical
2.1.3.3.1. Size
2.1.3.3.2. Shape
2.1.3.4. Concentration Gradient
2.2. Cell requirements
2.2.1. Matter
2.2.1.1. Organic
2.2.1.2. Inorganic
2.2.2. Light energy
2.2.3. Chemical energy
2.2.4. Removal of waste
2.3. Biochemical Processes
2.3.1. Photosynthesis
2.3.1.1. co2+h2o ---> glucose + o2
2.3.2. Cellular respiration
2.3.2.1. glucose + o2 ---> co2+h2o
2.4. Enzymes
2.4.1. Factors affecting
2.4.1.1. Tempurature
2.4.1.2. pH
2.4.1.3. Substrate concentration
2.4.2. Function
2.4.2.1. Metabolic function
2.4.3. Structure
2.4.3.1. Active site
2.4.3.2. Model
2.4.3.2.1. Lock + Key
2.4.3.2.2. Induced fit
2.4.3.3. Quaternary protein