1. IQ2. Adaptations
1.1. Structural
1.1.1. Physical Characteristics
1.2. Physiological
1.2.1. Internal processes
1.2.1.1. How they function
1.3. Behavioural
1.3.1. How they act
1.4. Charles Darwin
1.4.1. Galapagos Islands
1.4.1.1. Finches
1.4.1.1.1. Beak size
1.4.1.1.2. Beak shape
1.4.1.1.3. Arboreal (trees) or Land
1.4.1.1.4. Different finches on different islands
1.4.2. Australia
1.4.2.1. Water vole/rat (England. Compared the two)
1.4.2.2. Platypus
1.4.3. Natural Selection
1.4.3.1. VARSP
2. IQ4. Evidence of evolution
2.1. Fossil
2.1.1. Records how creatures evolved and how this process can be represented by a 'tree of life' showing all species are related to eachother
2.1.1.1. e.g. shells, bones, stone imprints.
2.2. Comparative embryology
2.2.1. The similarities and differences between different vertebrate embryos
2.2.1.1. e.g. vestigial structures such as tails or gills in humans, frogs, fish.
2.3. Comparative anatomy
2.3.1. Homologous
2.3.1.1. Homo (same)
2.3.1.2. Similar structures
2.3.1.3. 'mologous'relates to divergent evolution
2.3.1.4. share common ancestor
2.3.1.5. e.g. Pentadactyl Limb
2.3.1.5.1. Cat, human, whale, bat
2.3.2. Analagous
2.3.2.1. convergent evolution
2.3.2.2. Looks similar
2.3.2.3. basic structure is different
2.3.2.3.1. e.g. wings of a bird and a grasshopper
2.4. DNA sequences
2.4.1. Comparing DNA of different organisms to document genetic changes over time.
2.4.1.1. e.g. humans and chimpanzees share 96% of DNA genes
2.5. Biogeography
2.5.1. The study of geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life.
2.5.1.1. e.g. Finches evolved different beak shapes based on their food source, demonstrating natural selection
3. IQ1. Effects of the environment on organisms.
3.1. Selection pressures
3.1.1. Abiotic (non-living)
3.1.1.1. Soil pH
3.1.1.2. Shelter
3.1.1.3. Light
3.1.1.4. Rainfall
3.1.1.5. Climate
3.1.1.6. Tempurature
3.1.2. Biotic (living)
3.1.2.1. Competition
3.1.2.2. Predation
3.1.2.3. Disease causing agents (pathogens)
3.1.2.4. Trees
3.1.3. E.g. Cane Toad
3.1.3.1. Introduced species
3.1.3.1.1. Used as a biological control of cane beetles
3.1.3.2. Prolofe breeders
3.1.3.3. Biological
3.1.3.4. No-natural predators
3.1.3.5. Faster + Larger
3.1.3.5.1. Invasive front
3.1.3.6. Acts on
3.1.3.6.1. Red-Bellied snakes
3.1.3.6.2. Northern Quoll
3.2. Ecosystems
3.2.1. Combination of all the biotic factors living in a community interacting with abiotic factors
3.2.2. Types
3.2.2.1. Rainforest
3.2.2.2. Aquatic
3.2.2.2.1. Freshwater or saltwater
3.2.2.3. Woodlands
3.2.2.4. Grasslands
3.2.2.5. Wetlands
3.2.2.6. Dessert
4. IQ3. Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
4.1. VASRP
4.1.1. Variation Adaption Selection/Survival Reproduction Population
4.2. Accumulation of Microevolution --> Macroevolution changes
4.2.1. e.g. Horses
4.2.1.1. Number of digits
4.2.1.2. Teeth size and shape
4.2.1.3. Size of organism
4.2.1.4. Over 50 millions years
4.2.1.5. Type of evidence
4.2.1.5.1. Transititonal fossils
4.2.2. Macro = Millions of years
4.2.2.1. Results in new species
4.2.3. Micro = shorter periods
4.2.3.1. No speciation, New variteties
4.3. Types of Evolution
4.3.1. Divergent
4.3.1.1. Recent common ancestor
4.3.1.1.1. Adaptive raditation
4.3.2. Convergent
4.3.2.1. Distant ancestor, yet equipt similar features
4.3.2.1.1. e.g. Dolphins and sharks
4.3.2.2. Homologous structures
4.3.2.3. Same environtment (Same Selection pressures)
4.3.3. Punctuated equilibirum vs gradualism