Sekaran Chapter 7: Measurement: Scaling, Reliability, Validity

1. Scales

1.1. Nominal

1.2. Ordinal

1.3. Interval

1.4. Ratio

2. Rating Scales

2.1. Dichotomous Scale

2.2. Category Scale

2.3. Fixed or Constant Sum Scale

2.4. Graphic Rating Scale

2.5. Semantic Differential Scale

2.6. Numerical Scale

2.7. Itemized Rating Scale

2.7.1. Balanced Rating Scale

2.7.2. Unbalanced Rating Scale

2.8. Likert Scale

2.9. Stapel Scale

2.10. Consensus Scale

3. Ranking Scales

3.1. Paired Comparison

3.2. Forced Choice

3.3. Comparative Scale

4. First, an item analysis of the responses to the questions tapping the variable is carried out, and then the reliability and validity of the measures are established

4.1. Item Analysis

4.1.1. Reliability

4.1.1.1. Stability of measures

4.1.1.1.1. Test-Retest Reliability

4.1.1.1.2. Parallel-form Reliability

4.1.1.2. Internal consistency of measures

4.1.1.2.1. Interim consistency reliability

4.1.1.2.2. Split-half reliability

4.1.2. Validity

4.1.2.1. Content Validity

4.1.2.1.1. Face Validity

4.1.2.2. Criterion-related Validity

4.1.2.2.1. Concurrent validity

4.1.2.2.2. Predictive validity

4.1.2.3. Construct Validity

4.1.2.3.1. Convergent validity

4.1.2.3.2. Discriminant validity

4.1.2.4. Can be established through

4.1.2.4.1. Correlational analysis

4.1.2.4.2. Factor analysis

4.1.2.4.3. Multitrait, multimethod matrix