1. The ways humans learn to perform and recognize behaviors as masculine or feminine within their cultural context
2. Ch. 6: Ethnicity and Nationalism
2.1. Quote
2.2. Definition:
3. Ch. 7: Gender
3.1. "Human male and female bodies are much more similar than they are different" (Guest, 190)
3.2. Definition: Gender - The expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes
3.2.1. Sex
3.2.1.1. The culturally agreed upon physical differences between male and female, especially biological differences related to human reproduction.
3.2.2. Gender identity
3.2.2.1. Each person’s internal experience and understanding of their own gender
3.2.3. Cultural construction of gender
3.2.4. Gender stereotypes
3.2.4.1. Widely held preconceived notions about the attributes of, differences between, and proper roles for men and women in a culture
4. Ch. 8: Sexuality
4.1. quote
4.2. Definition:
5. Ch. 9: Kinship, Family and Marriage
5.1. quote
5.2. Definition:
6. Ch. 10: The Global Economy
6.1. quote
6.2. Definition:
7. Ch. 12: Politics and Power
7.1. quote
7.2. Definition
8. Ch. 14: Health, Illness, and the Body
8.1. quote
8.2. Definition:
9. Ch. 1: Anthropology in Global Age
9.1. "Anthropology today retains its core commitment to understanding the richness of human diversity" (Guest, 11)
9.2. Definition: Anthropology - the study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another.
9.2.1. Cultural Anthropology
9.2.1.1. The study of people’s communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions, including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together.
9.2.2. Ethnocentrism
9.2.2.1. The belief that one’s own culture is the norm and judging other cultures by it.
9.2.3. Holism
9.2.3.1. The anthropological commitment to look at the whole picture of human life, culture, biology, history, and language, across space and time
10. Ch 2: Culture
10.1. "Culture It encompasses people’s entire way of life" (Guest, 35)
10.2. Definition: Culture is a system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people.
10.2.1. Enculturation
10.2.1.1. The process of learning culture
10.2.2. Cultural appropriation
10.2.2.1. The unwanted taking of cultural practices or knowledge from one group by another, more dominant group
10.2.3. Hegemony
10.2.3.1. The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force.
10.2.4. Stratification
10.2.4.1. The uneven distribution of resources and privileges among members of a group or culture.
11. Ch. 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
11.1. "Learning to ask good questions is key to successful fieldwork" (Guest, 68)
11.2. Definition: Language is a system of communication organized by rules that uses symbols such as words, sounds, and gestures to convey information.
11.2.1. Cultural Relativism
11.2.1.1. The principle that cultural beliefs and practices should be viewed within the context of the specific culture they belong to
11.2.2. Emic
11.2.2.1. An approach to gathering data that investigates how local people think and how they understand the world.
11.2.3. Etic
11.2.3.1. Description of local behavior and beliefs from the anthropologist’s perspective in ways that can be compared across cultures
11.2.4. Anthropologist's Toolkit
11.2.4.1. The tools needed to conduct fieldwork, including information, perspectives, strategies, and even equipment.
12. Ch. 4: Language
12.1. "Languages change and grow, constantly adapting to the needs and circumstances of the people who speak them" (Guest, 98)
12.2. Definition: Language is a system of communication organized by rules that uses symbols such as words, sounds, and gestures to convey information.
12.2.1. Phonemes
12.2.1.1. The smallest units of sound that can make a difference in meaning
12.2.2. Morphemes
12.2.2.1. The smallest units of sound that carry meaning on their own
12.2.3. Kinesics
12.2.3.1. The study of the relationship between body movements and communication
12.2.4. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
12.2.4.1. The idea that differentlanguages create different ways of thinking
12.2.5. Code-switching
12.2.5.1. Switching back and forth between one linguistic variant and another, or one language and another, depending on the cultural context
13. Ch. 5: Race and Racism
13.1. "Racial categories have no biological basis" (Guest, 129)
13.2. Definition: Race - flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups
13.2.1. Genotype
13.2.1.1. The inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism’s physical form.
13.2.2. Phenotype
13.2.2.1. The physical expression of the genotype
13.2.3. White supremacy
13.2.3.1. The belief that White people are biologically different from and superior to people of other races.
13.2.4. Jim Crow
13.2.4.1. Laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to enforce segregation legally, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery
13.2.5. Racial ideology
13.2.5.1. Set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal