Comparisons democracy

1. France

1.1. Semi-presidential republic

1.2. President & Prime Minister

1.3. Two-round system

1.4. Bicameral (National Assembly, Senate)

1.5. Strong presidential power

2. United kingdom

2.1. Parliamentary Monarchy

2.2. Monarch & Prime Minister

2.3. First-Past-The-Post

2.4. Bicameral (Housde of Commons, Lords)

2.5. Unwritten constitution, two-party system

3. United States

3.1. Presidential Federal Republic

3.2. President

3.3. First-Past-The-Post (Electoral College for President)

3.4. Bicameral (House of Representatives, Senate)

3.5. Strong separation of powers

4. Netherlands

4.1. Parliamentary Monarchy

4.2. Monarch & Prime Minister

4.3. Proportional Representation

4.4. Bicameral (House of Representatives, Senate)

4.5. Coalition governments, pluralism

5. Germany

5.1. Federal Parliamentary Republic

5.2. Chancellor & President

5.3. Mixed-Member Proportional

5.4. Bicameral (Bundestag, Bundesrat)

5.5. Federalism, coalition politics

6. key takeayways

6.1. France: Bledns parliamentary and presidential systems, giving the President significant executive power while still maintaining checks from a parliamentary system.

6.2. Netherlands and Germany: Emphasize proportional representation and coalition-building, encouraging a broader representation of political ideologies and a consensus-driven approach

6.3. UK and US: are both first-past-the-post systems, which tends to favor two-party systems, though the US separates executive and legislative power more strictly than the UK.

6.4. Germany and US: are federal systems, were regional governments hold significant power, as opposed to the more centralized systems in the UK, France and the Netherlands