1. History of the Cold War
1.1. Competition in a Global Economy
1.1.1. Competition for Advancements in STEM
1.1.1.1. Vocational Education (New York Government)
1.1.1.1.1. Economy $$$ ^
1.1.1.2. National Defense Education Act
1.2. "A Nation at Risk"
1.2.1. Era of School Reform
2. Equality
2.1. Economic Fairness
2.1.1. Compress Income Distribution
2.2. Political Equality
3. Civic Education
3.1. Civic and Political Engagement
3.1.1. Participatory Readinness
3.1.1.1. "Fair Fighting"
3.1.1.2. Frame Shifting
3.1.1.2.1. Productivity in Politics & Society
3.1.1.3. Dinsterested Deliberation
4. Vocational Paradigm
4.1. So young people and society can compete in a global economy
4.1.1. Dissemination of Skills
4.1.1.1. "This view is tightly connected to a technocratic economic policy that focuses on the dissemination of skills as a way to reduce in equality in a technology-dependent economy" (Allen 9).
4.1.1.2. Broad dissemination of skills is expected to drive down the wage premium on expertise and compress the income distribution" (Allen 10).
5. Liberal Arts: Humanities & Social Sciences
5.1. Humanities Graduaates: (Philosophy, Literature, Religion, Psychology, Sociology)
5.1.1. "92.8 percent of humanities majors have voted at least once since finishing school. Among STEM majors, that number is 83.5 percent" (Allen 13).
5.1.2. "And, within ten years of graduation, 44.1 percent of 1993 humanities graduates had written to public officials, compared to 30.1 percent of STEM majors" (Allen 13).
6. Participatory Paradigm
6.1. Socioeonomic Status
6.2. Democratic Engagement
6.2.1. Judgement
6.2.1.1. "Safety and Happinness" (Declaration of Independence)
6.3. Equality Through Schooling
6.4. Reduce Inequality
6.4.1. "The participatory paradigm demands a higher educational standard than the vocational, and meeting that standard requires that more resources be allocated for schools" (Allen 9).
6.4.1.1. Therefore, Vocational Education can only go so far. It can't vinidicate out rights or reduce inequlity.
6.4.1.2. "...how the vocational paradigm arose and why it can neither vindicate our rights nor overcome the challenge of inequality" (Allen 9).
6.4.2. Demands higher education than with vocational education.