1. Definition of Phonetics
1.1. Study of speech sounds
1.2. Focus on physical production, transmission, and perception of sounds
2. Types of Phonetics
2.1. Articulatory Phonetics
2.1.1. How speech sounds are produced by the vocal apparatus
2.2. Acoustic Phonetics
2.2.1. Study of the physical properties of sounds (waves, frequency, intensity)
2.3. Auditory Phonetics
2.3.1. How sounds are perceived by the ear and brain
3. Important Concepts
3.1. IPA Symbols
3.1.1. - Phonetic transcription system for all speech sounds
3.2. Minimal Pairs
3.2.1. - Words that differ by one phoneme (e.g., "bat" vs. "pat")
4. Examples of Articulatory Phonetics in Practice
4.1. Voicing Distinction
4.1.1. - Voiced (e.g., /b/, /d/) - Voiceless (e.g., /p/, /t/)
4.2. Nasal vs. Oral Sounds
4.2.1. - Nasal: Air through the nose (e.g., /m/, /n/) - Oral: Air through the mouth (e.g., /b/, /d/)
4.3. Articulatory Charts
4.3.1. - International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) used to map speech sounds based on place and manner of articulation
5. Articulatory Phonetics
5.1. Speech Production Process
5.1.1. Initiation
5.1.1.1. Airflow from the lungs
5.1.2. Phonation
5.1.2.1. Vocal cords and glottis function
5.1.3. Articulation
5.1.3.1. Movement of speech organs
5.2. Articulatory Organs
5.2.1. Vocal Tract
5.2.1.1. Nasal and oral cavities, pharynx
5.2.2. Speech Organs
5.2.2.1. Lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, palate, velum, uvula, tongue, glottis
6. Types of Speech Sounds
6.1. Consonants
6.1.1. Place of Articulation
6.1.1.1. -Bilabial (e.g., /p/, /b/) - Labiodental (e.g., /f/, /v/) - Dental (e.g., /θ/, /ð/) - Alveolar (e.g., /t/, /d/) - Palatal (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/) - Velar (e.g., /k/, /g/) - Glottal (e.g., /h/)
6.1.2. Manner of Articulation
6.1.2.1. - Plosives (e.g., /p/, /b/) - Fricatives (e.g., /f/, /v/) - Affricates (e.g., /ʧ/ as in "ch") - Nasals (e.g., /m/, /n/) - Approximants (e.g., /w/, /r/) - Laterals (e.g., /l/)
6.2. Vowels
6.2.1. Tongue Position
6.2.1.1. - High (e.g., /i/, /u/) - Mid (e.g., /e/, /o/) - Low (e.g., /æ/, /ɑ/)
6.2.2. Lip Rounding
6.2.2.1. - Rounded (e.g., /o/, /u/) - Unrounded (e.g., /i/, /æ/)
6.2.3. Tension
6.2.3.1. - Tense (e.g., /i/, /e/) - Lax (e.g., /ɪ/, /ɛ/)