1. Nursing care
1.1. risk prevention
1.1.1. constipation
1.1.2. dysphagia
1.1.3. pneumonia
1.1.4. edema
1.1.5. hypotension
1.1.6. deep vein thrombosis
1.1.7. muscle atrophy/injury
1.1.8. wound infection
1.1.9. friction/shearing wound
1.1.10. fall risk
1.1.11. pressure ulcers
1.2. physical care needs
1.2.1. integumentary
1.2.1.1. turn and/or reposition patient using assisted lifts
1.2.1.2. apply moisture barrier creams to promote healthy moisture in skin
1.2.1.3. use pressure-relieving devices such as cushions, heel protectors, and special mattresses
1.2.1.4. frequently change incontinence pads to keep skin dry and clean
1.2.1.5. clean and debride any wounds
1.2.2. musculoskeletal
1.2.2.1. perform passive ROM exercises to maintain muscle function and flexibility
1.2.2.2. reposition patient to prevent stiffness and joints
1.2.2.3. use pillows, wedges, or footboards to maintain proper joint alignment
1.2.3. cardiovascular
1.2.3.1. anti-embolism stockings (if able)
1.2.3.2. monitor blood pressure. .
1.2.3.3. elevate legs above heart level
1.2.4. respiratory
1.2.4.1. instruct patient on deep breathing exercises to improve lung expansion
1.2.4.2. encourage adequate fluid intake to thin respiratory secretions
1.2.4.3. place in Fowler's or semi-Fowler's to improve oxygenation
1.2.4.4. incentive spirometer
1.2.5. gastrointestinal
1.2.5.1. perform abdominal massage to promote peristalsis
1.2.6. urinary
1.2.6.1. proper pericare and catheter care/hygiene
1.2.6.2. use/change absorbent pads or diapers to manage incontinence
1.2.6.3. maintain adequate fluid intake
1.3. psychosocial needs
1.3.1. provide active listening and a supportive environment
1.3.2. encourage family and friends to visit
1.3.3. support patient in performing self-care activities independently
1.4. interprofessional collaboration
1.4.1. physical therapist
1.4.1.1. develop mobility plan and exercise programs to improve mobility and strength
1.4.2. dietitian
1.4.2.1. develop nutrition plan to improve appetite and digestion
1.4.3. occupational therapist
1.4.3.1. develop interventions to support independence in activities of daily living
1.4.4. psychologist/psychiatrist/therapist
1.4.4.1. provide therapy or counselling for anxiety and depression
2. Education
2.1. benefits of maintaining movement and prevention of further complications
2.2. teach how to perform passive range of motion (ROM) exercises
2.3. proper positioning techniques
2.4. how to monitor skins for signs of pressure ulcers or breakdown
2.5. proper hygiene practices to maintain skin integrity
2.6. pain management techniques
2.6.1. hot/cold therapy
2.6.2. analgesics
2.7. educate family on importance of emotional support
2.8. educate both caregiver and patient how to use assistive devices on lifting and transferring techniques
3. Assessment data
3.1. objective data
3.1.1. inability to perform activities of daily living
3.1.2. reliance on assistive devices
3.1.3. decreased muscle strength
3.1.4. limited and unstable range of movements
3.1.5. non-weight-bearing
3.1.6. assess Braden Scale
3.1.6.1. pressure ulcers and skin breakdown
3.2. subjective data
3.2.1. expression of pain and discomfort with movement
3.2.2. depression, anxiety, and stress
3.2.3. verbal dependency on caregivers
4. Etiology
4.1. illness
4.1.1. COPD
4.1.2. heart failure
4.2. musculoskeletal disorders
4.2.1. muscular dystrophy
4.2.2. rheumatoid arthritis
4.2.3. osteoarthritis
4.3. traumatic injury
4.3.1. skeletal fractures, head injuries, spinal injuries
4.4. post-surgical recovery
4.5. neurological impairments
4.5.1. Alzheimer's disease
4.5.2. stroke