1. History
1.1. German Scientist J.W. Dobereiner (1829)
1.1.1. Published his version of the Periodic table first. He arranged known elements into triads based off of properties. He found that there was one element in each triad that had properties that fell midway between the other two.
1.2. Mendeleev
1.2.1. Organized his table based on increasing atomic mass and groups of repeating properties.
1.3. Current
1.3.1. Currently, elements are arranged based on increasing atomic mass, which also places them in groups of similar properties.
2. Classification
2.1. Metals
2.1.1. Good Conductors for heat and electricity, almost all solid at room temperature, reflects light, ductile, malleable
2.2. Nonmetals
2.2.1. Greater variation of properties than metals, most are gases at room temperature, tend to have properties opposite of metals, tend to be brittle when solid, not good conductors
2.3. Metalliods
2.3.1. contains properties similar to both metals and nonmetals, behave like metal in some conditions and nonmetals in others.
3. Periodic Law
3.1. Book definition-When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
3.2. Example-Noble gases are a good example because the order they are put in they are all in the same collum and share chemical properties.
4. Groups
4.1. Alkali Metals
4.1.1. Found in Group 1A, the first column of the periodic table, these metals are not found by themselves in nature because they are highly reactive. They are used in salt, restoring electrolytes, vapor lamps, and some medications
4.2. Alkaline Earth Metals
4.2.1. Group 2A, second column of the periodic table, these are also not found in their elemental state in nature. They are soft but still harder than Alkali metals. They are often used in metal alloys found in things like cameras
4.3. Halogens
4.3.1. Group 7A, the second to last column of the periodic table. These nonmetals are highly reactive. The elements vary in which state of matter they are at room temperature. Some uses are protecting enamel on teeth, and fixing chemical imbalances like in swimming pools
4.4. Nobel Gases
4.4.1. Noble gases are nonmetals sometimes called the inert gases because they rarely take part in a reaction. The noble gases are unique because their highest occupied energy levels are completely filled.
4.5. Transitional Metals
4.5.1. Transition metals are group B elements that are usually displayed in the main body of a periodic table. Copper, silver, gold, and iron are all examples of transition metals. They come from mineral deposits in earth's crust. Most transition metals are ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electric current
4.6. Inner Transitional Metals
4.6.1. Elements that appear below the main body of the periodic table. Before scientists knew much about inner transition metals, people reffered to them as rare earth elements. The name is a little misleading because some inner transition metals are more abundant than other elements. An inner transition metal is a metal in the section of the periodic table that is pulled out from the rest of the table.