Cellular Resperation

1. Electron Transport Chain

1.1. FADH2: When glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the krebs cycle, the co-enzymes NAD+ and FAD are reduced to NADH+ H+ and FADH2

1.2. Water: The cytochrome oxidase complex then transfers electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor, and water is formed

1.3. ATP synthase: Protons that reenter the matrix pass through special proton channel proteins called ATP synthase

1.4. ATP

1.5. Mitochondria

1.6. O2

1.7. ADP

2. Glycolysis

2.1. Cytoplasm: Does not require oxygen

2.2. ADP: The result is a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate molecule and 2 low energy ADP

2.3. ATP: The energy released during these oxidation reactions is used to form ATP

2.4. NAD+: Each of the 3-carbon molecules is converted through a series of steps, to pyruvate

2.5. NADH: Electrons are transferred to the coenzyme NAD+ to form NADH

2.6. Pyruvate: Converted into lactic acid

2.7. Glucose: Broken down to two molecules of pyruvate

3. Krebs Cycle

3.1. Pyruvate: Glucose is broken down to pyruvate

3.2. Mitochondria: A 2-carbon fragment of pyruvate is used to form acetyl-CoA, then enters krebs cycle

3.3. NADH: During the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2 is produced to make NADH

3.4. NAD+: Hydrogen is removed and transferred to NAD+

3.5. ATP: A second oxidation and decarboxylation accurs producing ATP

3.6. FADH2: The 4-carbon molecule is further oxidized and the hydrogens that are moved are used to form FADH2

3.7. CO2: Used in many ways throughout the krebs cycle

3.8. Cytoplasm

3.9. ADP

3.10. FAD