Introduction & Chapter 1

1. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

1.1. location of Zona Sul,home to the affluents, middles class, and the poorest of poor, and the main city of study of the author

1.2. Iemanja, an African divinity; Brazilians devote the first day of January to this goddess. Brazilians gather on beaches and music such as samba, fricotem funk, & forro are blaring

1.3. Carnivale

1.3.1. the biggest festival in Rio

1.3.2. festival of the poor

1.3.3. "...serve as a conservative ritual that reinforces class positions and gender and sexual heirarchies." (p. 33, Goldstein)

1.3.4. became the stage of competion between samba schools

2. Favelas/Shantytowns

2.1. Felicidade Eterna

2.1.1. Joana's Botequim: Gloria's favorite bar

2.1.2. Isadora, an owner of a bar and used to be a good friend of Gloria's and the Godmother, "comadre", of one of her children

2.1.3. home to Gloria and the fourteen children she takes care of

3. Black Humor

3.1. humor that is possessed by the poor which isused to make light of unfornate events or situations such as poverty, death, etc

3.2. "...windows into the sense of injustice oppressed peoples feel about their conditions" (pp.12-13, Goldstein)

3.3. in the death of Gloria's son Zeca, the sister Soneca used it to tell Donna Goldstein about his brother's death, saying he never liked him anyway; the family and friends made jokes about Zeca dying with a "hard-on"

3.4. was also used by Celina's husband in her death; when the husband was told that the baby died, and he didn't realize that Celina died as well, he said that it's okay - the death of the baby- because he'll have one less mouth to feed

3.5. when watching sa telenovelas/dramas, the middle class "boss" would be crying over the sad parts while the "poor housemaid" would be laughing- finding sad unfortunate events as somehting to laugh about

4. Middle Class

4.1. Katy (Katchee), a friend of the author's tha helped her go around the city

4.2. class of people that usually employ those from the favelas/shantytowns to clean their houses, which in turn gives them freedom to pursue their careeers, hobbies, and other extra curricular activities

5. Gloria

5.1. main character of the study in the first chapter

5.2. works as a house maid to the affluents of Zona Sul

5.3. have six children of her own, and has taken in three children of her ex-lover and the five children of her sister Celina who had died; there a re a total of 14 children under her care

6. History of Brazil

6.1. was believed to be home to 2-4 Million Native Americans before Pedro Alvares Cabral sailed from Portugarl in 1500

6.2. was a colony of Portugal until 1822 when Dom Pedro I declared Brazil's independece from Portugal

6.3. was considered to have the largest slave economy with an import of more than 3.5 Million African slaves in 1538

6.4. was a huge sugar producer

6.5. the last of all colonies to abolish slavery in 1888 by passing the Golden Law