1. The End Of the Golden Age
1.1. By the time the Ottoman Empire rises, the Golden Age is considered to have ended
1.2. political mismanagement after the early Caliphs (10th century onwards)
1.3. Foreign Invasion
1.3.1. Mongols & Turks
1.3.1.1. Conquered most of Eurasia
1.3.1.2. 1206- Genghis Khan established the powerful Mongol empire
1.3.1.3. Lots of blood shed
1.3.1.3.1. Turkic leaders destroyed cities, slaughtered thousands and did severe damage to the ancient irrigation systems of Mesopotamia.
1.3.1.4. Eventually, Mongols and Turks that settled in parts of Persia, Central Asia, Russia and Anatolia converted to Islam.
1.3.2. Crusades
1.3.2.1. Muslims spread to new areas, causing conflict with Christians
1.3.2.2. Pope Urban II of Rome calls for all Christians to drive out Muslims from Jerusalem and its surrounding regions.
2. Philosophy
2.1. Ethics
2.1.1. Religious freedom
2.1.1.1. Christianinty
2.1.1.2. Judaism
2.1.1.3. Muslim
2.1.2. Individualism
2.1.3. Freedom of speech
2.2. Greek Ideas
2.2.1. preserved works of Aristotle
2.2.1.1. Avicenna logic
3. Rashidun conquest
3.1. Persia
3.2. Syria
3.3. Arminia
3.4. North Africa
3.5. Egypt
3.6. Umayyads Conquest
3.6.1. Spain
4. Arts
4.1. ceramics, glass, metalwork, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, calligraphy and woodwork flourished
5. New node
6. Architecture
6.1. hospitals, libraries, universities, observatory
7. Economy
7.1. Trade
7.1.1. extended to previous isolated regions and Africa, Indian and China Sea