1. Types of Structures
1.1. Shell
1.1.1. A structure which is hollow in the inside and usually light.
1.1.1.1. eggs
1.1.1.1.1. bike helment
1.2. Solid
1.2.1. A structure which is solid in the inside and out and stays the same way.
1.2.1.1. Egyptian pyramid
1.2.1.1.1. Mountains
1.3. Frame
1.3.1. A structure which is made of different parts put together and is usually strong and can support heavy loads.
1.3.1.1. Eiffel Tower
1.3.1.1.1. museums
1.4. Combination
1.4.1. When a structure consists of frame, solid, and shell structures it is called a combination structure.
1.4.1.1. A house
1.4.1.1.1. A skeleton/the human body
2. External Forces
2.1. External forces are when a force acts on a structure from the outside
2.1.1. Plane of Application (the angle the load is positioned to hit the structure.
2.1.1.1. A wrecking ball at a 45° angle
2.1.1.1.1. A wrecking ball hits at a 90° angle
2.1.2. Point of Application (The point of the structure where the load hits.
2.1.2.1. Hitting on the top of a structure
2.1.2.1.1. Hitting on the middle of a structure
2.1.3. Magnitude (How high or low the force is on the load that hits a structure)
2.1.3.1. Hitting a baseball with a high force
2.1.3.1.1. Hitting a baseball with a low force
2.1.4. Direction (The direction the load is acting on)
2.1.4.1. Push
2.1.4.1.1. Pull
3. Loads
3.1. Static Loads
3.1.1. Dead load
3.1.1.1. The structure itself
3.1.1.1.1. A car on a bridge. The bridge is the dead load.
3.1.2. Live load
3.1.2.1. The load which acts on a structure
3.1.2.1.1. A person in a wheelchair, the person in the chair is the live load.
3.2. Dynamic Loads
3.2.1. A dynamic load is a force that changes rapidly on a structure.
3.2.1.1. Wind
3.2.1.1.1. Snow
4. Form and Function
4.1. Form
4.1.1. How the structure is built (the appearance and shape of a structure) It can be either man made or natural.
4.1.1.1. C.N Tower (man made
4.1.1.1.1. Beavers den (natural)
4.2. Function
4.2.1. the function/purpose of a structure(how the structure works.) If there is no function all there is going to be left is a structure with no purpose.
4.2.1.1. Rollercoaster
4.2.1.1.1. A Ferris wheel
5. Center of Gravity
5.1. The point of a structure or object where the mass of the structure is equally balanced.
5.1.1. A basketball spinning on a finger
5.1.1.1. The middle of a seesaw
5.1.1.1.1. center of gravity
6. Internal Forces
6.1. A force which acts from the inside of a structure
6.1.1. Tension (A force that pulls a structure apart)
6.1.1.1. A catapult ready to shoot
6.1.1.1.1. A bow and arrow ready to shoot
6.1.2. Compression (When you push a structure from both ends together)
6.1.2.1. Sitting on a chair
6.1.2.1.1. Pushing down on keys on a keyboard
6.1.3. Shear (Two forces that pull in polar opposite direction on a structure)
6.1.3.1. Ripping a piece of paper apart
6.1.3.1.1. Scissors
6.1.4. Torsion (When you twist two ends of a structure)
6.1.4.1. Twisting a towel
6.1.4.1.1. Tornado