My Foundations of Education
by Emily Taylor
1. Politics of Education
1.1. Conservative
1.1.1. Individuals and groups must compete in the social environment in order to survive, and human progress is dependent on individual initiative and drive.
1.2. Traditional
1.2.1. Traditional visions tend to view schools as necessary to the transmission of the traditional values of the U.S.society, such as hard work, family unity, individual initiative, and so on
1.3. Role of the School
1.3.1. Central focus of each of the perspectives and is the heart of their differing analyses
1.4. Purpose of Schooling
1.4.1. Purposes of schooling are intellectual, political, social, and economic. These purposes refer to their role within any existing society our purposes, U.S. society
1.5. Education and the American Dream
1.5.1. Conservatives argue that the U.S. schools that have succeeded in providing a quality education for those who are capable and have taken advantage of it.
1.6. Educational Policy and Reform
1.6.1. Educational equality cannot be achieved through changes in the school system alone.
2. Schools as Organizations
2.1. School Processes- is the way in which school cultures are created and maintained.
2.2. Governance- taxpayers within particular school districts have a substantial stake in the schools within their districts and are able to make their voices heard through community boards.
2.3. Degree of Openness- refers to the belief in "common school"
2.4. Student composition- non-minority families moving out of the cities into the suburbs which lead to a high degree of residential segregation
2.5. Private Schools- are made to attract students from families that are relatively affluent and have a commitment to education.
2.6. To become a teacher you must: obtain a college degree, full certification or licensure, demonstrable content knowledge in the subject you will be teaching
3. History of U.S. Education
3.1. Charter Schools- are independent of local district control, but receive public funding. I believe this is the most important reform movement.
3.2. The theme of utilitarianism is proposed by Benjamin Franklin which called for an education for youth based on secular and utilitarian courses of study rather than on the traditional studies of religion and classics.
3.2.1. Included
3.2.2. Included
3.2.3. Excluded
3.3. Old Deluder means the town was required to pay the wages of the teacher, and prepare the students for university studies. The theme of literacy as means of teaching a Christian life.
3.4. Common School was free publicly funded elementary schools, reflects both the concern for stability and order and the concern for social mobility.
3.5. Plessy vs. Ferguson is commonly referred to as its "separate but equal" doctrine.
3.6. Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education ruled that the state-imposed segregation of schools were unconstitutional.
4. Equality of Opportunity
4.1. Social stratification is a hierarchical configuration of families who have differential access to whatever is of value in the society at a given point and over time, primarily because of social, not biopsychological, variables.
4.1.1. Project specifications
4.1.2. End User requirements
4.1.3. Action points sign-off
4.2. School segregation- research indicates that despite the fact that schools are less segregated than 40 years ago, the degree of racial and ethnic segregation is increasing.
4.2.1. Define actions as necessary
4.3. Class- students in different social classes have different kinds of educational experiences. For example, the longer you go to school the more expensive it becomes so therefore the student may need the help of his/her parents for financial expenses.
4.4. Gender- Historically, an individual's gender was directly related to his or her educational attainment. Women are more likely to be rated better students than men, and in the past they were less likely to attain the same level of education.
4.5. Race- U.S. society today is highly stratified by race. An individual's race has a direct impact on how much education he/she is likely to achieve.
4.6. Meritocracy- before this word was invented, Americans that hard work, thrift, and a little bit of luck should who receives the economic and social benefits that the society has to offer.
5. Curriculum and Pedagogy
5.1. Humanist curriculum- reflects the idealist philosophy that knowledge of the traditional liberal arts is the cornerstone of an educated citizenry and that the purpose of education is to present to students the best of what has been thought and written
5.2. Social efficieny curriculum was a philosophically pragmastist approach developed in the early 20th century as a putatively democratic response to the development of mass public secondary education.
5.3. Pedagogical progressivism and stressed the relationship between schooling and the activities of adults within society.
5.4. Developmentalist curriculum is related to the needs and interests of the student rather than the needs of society.
5.5. The social meliorist curriculum which was philosophically social re-constructionist.
5.6. Multicultural Education- there are five dimensions of multiculturalism: content integration, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, equity pedagogy, and empowering school culture.
6. Philosophy of Education
6.1. Realism- a philosophy that follows in the same historical tradition as idealism. Associated with both Plato and Aristotle.
6.1.1. Dependencies
6.1.2. Milestones
6.2. Progressivism- proposed that educators start with the needs and interests of the child in the classroom, allow the child to participate in planning his/her course of study, employ project method or group learning. This concept is adopted by John Dewey.
6.2.1. Schedule
6.2.2. Budget
6.3. Goal of Education: Dewey's vision of schools was rooted in the social order; he did not see ideas as separate from social conditions.
6.3.1. KPI's