1. Indian Removal Act
1.1. Treaty by the Jackson Administration
1.2. Essentially a peaceful treaty, however, Indian resistance led to forceful interference by the U.S. government.
2. 1814-1824
2.1. President Jackson commands U.S. army to attack Creek nation. U.S. gains 22 million acres of land.
2.2. Tribes agree to sign treaties for strategic reasons. 1) To avoid harassment. 2) To maintain some of their land.
2.3. Indians tried to coexist with white settlers by adopting their practices.
3. U.S./Mexican War
3.1. War was fundamentally about violence.
3.1.1. . The war was about slavery and access to more cotton producing land that would increase the size of the slave population.
3.2. War was about expansion of territory.
3.2.1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
3.2.1.1. Mexico ceded 55% of its territory (present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Nevada and Utah) in exchange for fifteen million dollars in compensation for war-related damage to Mexican property.
3.2.2. Texas secedes in 1836 from the rest of Mexico.
3.2.2.1. In 1845 U.S. decided to annex Texas & send troops to protect the border thus starting a war.
4. 1776-1861
4.1. Aftermath
4.1.1. 2nd & 3rd Seminole Wars
4.1.1.1. Cost U.S. 40-60 million in damages.
4.1.2. Trail of Tears
4.1.2.1. Cherokee were tricked with illegitimate treaty & were expelled west.
4.1.2.2. 4,000 died migrating
5. Jackson's notes on Virginia
5.1. Criticisms on blacks
5.1.1. Trying to justify inferiority of blacks
5.1.2. Mentions that difference in color will be "a powerful obstacle to the emancipation of these people."
6. Emancipation Proclamation
6.1. Abraham Lincoln issued the freedom of slaves.
6.2. ,Military was to uphold the new lands.
7. Questions
7.1. What was the vision of President Jackson?
7.1.1. Jackson wanted to expand and remove the Native Americans.
7.2. Explain Jackson’s Indian removal policy?
7.2.1. Jackson was authorized to negotiate with Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi in exchange for their ancestral homelands.
7.3. What impact did Jackson’s vision and policies have on American Indians?
7.3.1. It had a negative impact. His forceful ejection of the Indians even after the treaties were signed led to a genocidal event called The Trail of Tears.
7.4. How could we use the notion of “manifest destiny” to explain the Indian removal policies?
7.4.1. Manifest Destiny was used over and over again as an excuse to expand west. Natives were a huge obstacle in the expansion so policies were made to move them.
7.5. In the aftermath of the Mexican American War, Mexican who found themselves on the US side quickly became second class citizens. Use the online conversations with David Weber and Antonia Castaneda to explore what happened to the Mexican population?
7.5.1. Mexicans became displaced. Neither side would claim them and those that owned land in the U.S. quickly found themselves stripped of their property by the U.S. government.
8. Manifest Destiny
8.1. Belief that Americans were entitled to extend boundaries of freedom to others
8.1.1. Excluded Native Americans and Non-Europeans.
8.1.2. Expansion into frontier areas opened opportunities for new commerce and individual self-advancement.