Cognitive principles

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Cognitive principles by Mind Map: Cognitive principles

1. Learning styles

1.1. Visual

1.1.1. More likely to remember pictures, maps, charts, or film

1.1.2. Learners create mindmaps, flowcharts, diagrams, etc.

1.1.3. Strong awareness of aesthetics and space

1.2. Auditory / Verbal

1.2.1. Prefer lectures, written documents, group discussion

1.2.2. Study by reading, writing notes, listening, talking

1.2.3. Strong written/verbal communication skills

1.3. Kinesthetic / Tactile

1.3.1. Prefer labs and demos, play

1.3.2. Learn by acting, role-play, physical manipulation

1.3.3. Work well with hands, physically coordinated

2. Memory

2.1. Stage Theory Model

2.1.1. [1] Sensory input (notice, filter, iconic memory) [2] Short-term memory (process and storage) [3] Long-term memory (storage and retrieval)

2.2. Miller's Magic Number

2.2.1. Aka "chunking" of information into 7 +/- 2 parts. Associated with mnemonics (memory aids). Examples: ROY G. BIV, 058 666 4174

3. Perception

3.1. Difference Threshold

3.1.1. Weber's law: amount of change, once determined, remains constant

3.2. Gestalt principles of perception

3.2.1. Human mind strives to self-organize (holistic process). On visual perception this looks at the interplay between elements and composition.

3.2.2. Proximity: implies grouping or like meaning

3.2.3. Similarity: implies grouping

3.2.4. Prägnanz (figure-ground relationship): dominant elements = figures; recessive elements = background

3.2.5. Area: smaller objects usually figures on background

3.2.6. Closure: we mentally close up objects

3.3. Eye tracking

3.3.1. A Scanpath is a series of Fixations (points where the user lingers) and Saccades (movements between fixations).

3.4. Cleveland's task model

3.4.1. 1. Pattern perception (immediate overview)

3.4.2. 2. Table lookup (detailed information)

4. Wayfinding

4.1. Route-based knowledge

4.2. Survey knowledge

5. Information overload

5.1. Map shock