1. Formative
2. Informal Formative
2.1. Discussions
2.2. Questioning
2.3. Spontaneous
2.4. Immediate Feedback
2.5. Instructional Adjustments
3. Formal Formative
3.1. Planned Activities
3.2. Specific sequence
3.3. Pre-Assessment
3.4. 6 Types of Assessment
3.4.1. Structured Exercises
3.4.2. Pretests
3.4.3. Homework
3.4.4. In-class assessing
3.4.5. Quizzes and Unit Tests
3.4.6. Class Response System
4. Formal Assessment Cycle
4.1. Gather evidence of learning
4.2. Evaluate evidence
4.3. Feedback
4.4. Adjust
5. Characteristics
5.1. Evidence of Student Learning
5.2. Structured
5.3. Participation includes feedback
5.3.1. Types of Feedback
5.3.1.1. Goal Directed
5.3.1.2. Scaffolding
5.3.1.3. Self-Referenced
5.3.1.4. Standards Referenced
5.3.2. Nature of the Feedback
5.3.2.1. Amount
5.3.2.2. Timing
5.3.2.3. Mode
5.3.2.4. Audience
5.3.2.5. Type of Task
5.3.3. Differentiated Feedback
5.3.3.1. Learner Level of Ability
5.3.3.2. Grade Level
5.3.3.3. Subject
5.4. Instruction Adjustments
5.5. Teacher-Student Interaction
5.6. Student Self-Assessment
5.7. Attributions for Success
6. Interim/Benchmarked
6.1. Periodic Teasting
6.2. Low Level/Little to no feedback
6.3. Formal Style
6.3.1. Projects
6.3.2. Written Assignments
6.3.3. Tests
7. Summative
8. Planning
8.1. End of a learning chunk
8.2. Review what you want to do
8.3. Criteria for ensuring high-quality assessment
8.4. Representative sampling
8.5. Examples:
8.5.1. Standardized testing
8.5.2. Final Exams
8.5.3. Major Cumulative Projects
8.5.4. Research Projects
9. Preparing Students
9.1. Teach assessment taking skills
9.2. Test length, format questioning, etc.
9.3. Review
9.4. Item Type
9.5. Assessment anxiety
10. Conducting
10.1. Creating
10.1.1. Assessment Directions
10.1.2. Arrange Items
10.1.3. Physical Layout
10.2. Question Types
10.2.1. Multiple Choice
10.2.2. Matching, sequencing
10.2.3. True-false, yes-no
10.2.4. Factual short answer, fill ins
10.2.5. High-order shot answer
10.2.6. Short or long essay
10.2.7. Reliability and Validity
10.3. Delivery
10.3.1. Paper and Pencil
10.3.2. Online
10.3.3. Computer adaptive testing
10.4. Scoring
10.4.1. Human
10.4.2. Distributed
10.4.3. Automated
10.4.4. Rubric
10.4.5. Checklists