Alkenes
by CHEW JIA YU REGINE .
1. C=C bond present in each monomer
2. e.g.
2.1. ethene to ethanol
2.1.1. C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
3. 5 atm
4. 200°C
5. is the addition of steam
6. usually colourless
7. Ni (nickel) catalyst
8. ethanol is used as solvent and fuel
9. C18H38 -> C6H14 + 6C2H4 big alkane-> alkane+six alkenes
10. production of HYDROGEN gas
10.1. C18H38 -> 9C2H4 + H2
11. through cracking of alkanes
12. Cracking
12.1. conversion of long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains
12.2. Pertroleum(crude oil)
12.2.1. big hydrocarbon molecules in it broken down to smaller hydrocarbon molecules
12.2.2. smaller hydrocarbon molecules used for fuel
12.2.3. e.g.
12.2.3.1. C18H38 -> C8H18 + C10H20 big alkane -> alkane+alkene
12.2.3.1.1. usually, a mixture of alkenes AND alkanes is produced
12.2.3.2. OR
13. Halogenation
13.1. CONDITIONS
13.1.1. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) catalyst
13.1.2. 300°C
13.1.3. 60 atm
13.2. is the addition of halogens
13.3. CONDITIONS
13.3.1. room temperature
13.3.2. halogens as reagents
13.4. e.g.
13.4.1. C2H4(g) + Cl2(g) -> C2H4Cl2 (l)
13.5. product
14. Hydration
14.1. product
14.1.1. alcohol
15. Hydrogenation
15.1. e.g.
15.1.1. ethene to ethane
15.1.1.1. C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6
15.1.2. vegetable oil to margarine
15.1.3. is the addition of hydrogen
16. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond.
17. production of ETHENE
17.1. to make ehtanol and plastics(polyethene)
17.2. in the absence of light
18. CONDITIONS
19. Alkenes are insoluable in water, however are very soluble in organic solvents.
19.1. general formula
19.1.1. CnH2n