Alkenes

1. C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6

2. room temperature

3. halogens as reagents

4. C18H38 -> 9C2H4 + H2

5. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond.

6. ethene to ethane

7. 60 atm

8. product

8.1. e.g.

8.1.1. C2H4(g) + Cl2(g) -> C2H4Cl2 (l)

9. CONDITIONS

10. C=C bond present in each monomer

11. e.g.

11.1. ethene to ethanol

11.1.1. C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH

12. 5 atm

13. 200°C

14. usually colourless

15. Ni (nickel) catalyst

16. ethanol is used as solvent and fuel

17. C18H38 -> C6H14 + 6C2H4 big alkane-> alkane+six alkenes

18. production of HYDROGEN gas

19. through cracking of alkanes

20. Cracking

20.1. conversion of long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains

20.2. Pertroleum(crude oil)

20.2.1. big hydrocarbon molecules in it broken down to smaller hydrocarbon molecules

20.2.2. smaller hydrocarbon molecules used for fuel

20.2.2.1. C18H38 -> C8H18 + C10H20 big alkane -> alkane+alkene

20.2.2.1.1. usually, a mixture of alkenes AND alkanes is produced

20.2.2.1.2. e.g.

21. Halogenation

21.1. CONDITIONS

21.1.1. 300°C

21.1.1.1. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) catalyst

21.2. is the addition of halogens

22. Hydration

22.1. product

22.1.1. alcohol

22.2. is the addition of steam

23. Hydrogenation

23.1. e.g.

23.1.1. vegetable oil to margarine

23.1.2. is the addition of hydrogen

24. production of ETHENE

24.1. to make ehtanol and plastics(polyethene)

24.2. in the absence of light

25. CONDITIONS

26. Alkenes are insoluable in water, however are very soluble in organic solvents.

26.1. general formula

26.1.1. CnH2n