Alkenes
by CHEW JIA YU REGINE .
1. C2H4(g) + Cl2(g) -> C2H4Cl2 (l)
2. C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6
3. room temperature
4. halogens as reagents
5. C18H38 -> 9C2H4 + H2
6. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond.
7. ethene to ethane
8. 60 atm
9. product
9.1. e.g.
10. CONDITIONS
11. C=C bond present in each monomer
12. e.g.
12.1. ethene to ethanol
12.1.1. C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
13. 5 atm
14. 200°C
15. usually colourless
16. Ni (nickel) catalyst
17. ethanol is used as solvent and fuel
18. C18H38 -> C6H14 + 6C2H4 big alkane-> alkane+six alkenes
19. production of HYDROGEN gas
20. through cracking of alkanes
21. Cracking
21.1. conversion of long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains
21.2. Pertroleum(crude oil)
21.2.1. big hydrocarbon molecules in it broken down to smaller hydrocarbon molecules
21.2.2. smaller hydrocarbon molecules used for fuel
21.2.2.1. C18H38 -> C8H18 + C10H20 big alkane -> alkane+alkene
21.2.2.1.1. usually, a mixture of alkenes AND alkanes is produced
21.2.2.1.2. e.g.
22. Halogenation
22.1. CONDITIONS
22.1.1. 300°C
22.1.1.1. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) catalyst
22.2. is the addition of halogens
23. Hydration
23.1. product
23.1.1. alcohol
23.2. is the addition of steam
24. Hydrogenation
24.1. e.g.
24.1.1. vegetable oil to margarine
24.1.2. is the addition of hydrogen
25. production of ETHENE
25.1. to make ehtanol and plastics(polyethene)
25.2. in the absence of light
26. CONDITIONS
27. Alkenes are insoluable in water, however are very soluble in organic solvents.
27.1. general formula
27.1.1. CnH2n