Alkenes
by CHEW JIA YU REGINE .
1. is the addition of steam
2. C2H4(g) + Cl2(g) -> C2H4Cl2 (l)
3. C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6
4. room temperature
5. halogens as reagents
6. C18H38 -> 9C2H4 + H2
7. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond.
8. ethene to ethane
9. 60 atm
10. product
10.1. e.g.
11. CONDITIONS
12. C=C bond present in each monomer
13. e.g.
13.1. ethene to ethanol
13.1.1. C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
14. 5 atm
15. 200°C
16. usually colourless
17. Ni (nickel) catalyst
18. ethanol is used as solvent and fuel
19. C18H38 -> C6H14 + 6C2H4 big alkane-> alkane+six alkenes
20. production of HYDROGEN gas
21. through cracking of alkanes
22. Cracking
22.1. conversion of long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains
22.2. Pertroleum(crude oil)
22.2.1. big hydrocarbon molecules in it broken down to smaller hydrocarbon molecules
22.2.2. smaller hydrocarbon molecules used for fuel
22.2.2.1. C18H38 -> C8H18 + C10H20 big alkane -> alkane+alkene
22.2.2.1.1. usually, a mixture of alkenes AND alkanes is produced
22.2.2.1.2. e.g.
23. Halogenation
23.1. CONDITIONS
23.1.1. 300°C
23.1.1.1. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) catalyst
23.2. is the addition of halogens
24. Hydration
24.1. product
24.1.1. alcohol
25. Hydrogenation
25.1. e.g.
25.1.1. vegetable oil to margarine
25.1.2. is the addition of hydrogen
26. production of ETHENE
26.1. to make ehtanol and plastics(polyethene)
26.2. in the absence of light
27. CONDITIONS
28. Alkenes are insoluable in water, however are very soluble in organic solvents.
28.1. general formula
28.1.1. CnH2n