Genetic Engineering

1. Process

1.1. Transformation

1.1.1. recipient cell

1.2. Genome editing

1.3. Ｍolecular cloning

2. Definition

2.1. =Genetic Modification

2.2. Adding or Editing the new DNA

2.2.1. The DNA that can not find in organism

2.3. New property and feature

3. Concerns

3.1. Safety of GM Food

3.2. Ecological Issues

3.2.1. Problem of Insect pest become severe

3.3. Economic Issues

3.3.1. developing countise

3.4. Human Cloning

3.4.1. Ethics

3.5. Intrinsic Concerns

3.5.1. Genetically modified organisms

3.5.2. Species Boundaries

3.6. Legal Issues

3.7. Ethical Issues

4. Review

4.1. Pros

4.1.1. Solve the food crisis

4.1.2. Prevent diseases and illnesses

4.1.3. Increasing the Life Span of People

4.1.4. More environmentally friendly of agricultural production

4.1.4.1. Less use of herbicides

4.1.4.2. Less use of pesticides

4.2. Cons

4.2.1. Influencing law of nature

4.2.2. Legal issues

4.2.3. High cost

4.2.4. Do not sure whether GM food are safety

5. Application

5.1. Medicine

5.1.1. Artificial fecundation

5.1.2. Gene therapy

5.1.3. detection of DNA technologe

5.2. Manufacturing

5.3. Research

5.4. BioArt and entertainment

5.5. Military

5.6. Agriculture

5.6.1. Food crisis

5.6.2. Genetically Modified Food

5.6.2.1. corn

5.7. Experimental, lab scale industrial applications

6. History and Development

6.1. 1963-hybrid rice

6.2. 1978-Insulin

6.3. 1990-human genome project, HGP

6.4. 1997-Dolly the Sheep

6.4.1. Nuclear transfer