1. Conclusion
1.1. In conclusion, European maritime explorers like Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci and many others had a huge impact on world trade and culture
2. Para 3
2.1. Topic sentence- The closure of the Silk Road lead to the columbian exchange, the age of discovery, and the huge impact on South American trade and culture.
2.1.1. Columbian exchange
2.1.1.1. The columbian exchange was the centuries long global swap of cultures, people, ideas, plants, animals, goods, technology and diseases that began in 1492
2.1.1.2. It brought changes in people's way of life
2.1.1.3. Goods exchanged:
2.1.1.3.1. Vegetables, livestock, fruit, grains, nuts, spices, wheeled vehicles, metal, cookware and guns
2.1.1.3.2. Religion was exchanged as well
2.1.1.4. Countries that traded:
2.1.1.4.1. The countries that traded were Europe, America, Spain, Portugal, England, Asia and Africa
2.1.1.5. Europe and America benefited the most from the columbian exchange due to frequent trade
2.1.2. Affect on South American Culture:
2.1.2.1. Columbus arrived in South America on October 12th 1492
2.1.2.2. He colonized many islands in the area, turned the natives into slaves by force to gain information about where the gold was and he extracted resources from the land
2.1.2.3. The natives were forcibly turned into slaves that were sold and forced to do labour
2.1.2.3.1. They were made to dig up mountains and mine for gold, make hills for growing plants, carry dirt and they had to wash gold for long periods of time that broke their backs
2.1.2.4. Some were turned into prisoners that were killed and burned to death
2.1.2.5. 2 major exports from Europe were language and religion
2.1.2.5.1. Many natives learned Spanish and Portugeese
2.1.2.5.2. New forms of religion arose as natives blended Christianity with their own beliefs
2.1.2.6. Europeans also brought deadly diseases like smallpox, measles, chicken pox and others
2.1.2.6.1. This had the greatest impact on the natives
2.1.2.6.2. Diseases brought by Europeans nearly wiped out 90% of the native population in America
3. Para 2
3.1. Topic Sentence- European exploration was the main cause of how and why the world was united into one trade network
3.2. One of the European explorers was Christopher Columbus
3.3. Christopher Columbus
3.3.1. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who sailed for the Spanish
3.3.2. He journeyed west across the Atlantic in 1492 in hopes of reaching Asia(China, India and Japan)
3.4. He wanted to reach Asia so that he could get the riches of Asia
3.4.1. Riches: The riches included pearls, gold and spices from China, India and Japan
3.4.2. Europe had no supply of their own so trading them would make a fortune
3.4.3. The only way Europeans could get these luxuries was to travel by a shorter route, he soon found a much shorter route that sailed directly to China
3.4.4. This was easy to trade goods from China to Europe
3.5. Amerigo Vespucci
3.5.1. Another explorer was Amerigo Vespucci
3.5.2. He was an Italian sailor who went on several of the first expeditions
3.5.3. European culture was dominated by Christian teaching that was based on the bible and America was not mentioned in the bible
3.5.4. When Columbus arrived in America, he was convinced that it was Asia
3.5.5. Vespucci's statement of "I don't know" and acknowledging that there might be truth to be learnt outside the church's interpretation of the bible started a scientific revolution in Europe
3.5.6. The scientific revolution in Europe was between the 1500s-1700s
3.5.7. He questioned current beliefs and knowledge
3.5.8. This invited people to question and explore once again
4. Para 4
4.1. Topic sentence- The age of discovery lead to a huge impact on European trade and culture as well.
4.1.1. European Trade
4.1.1.1. Between the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, explorers were drawn to blank maps and started to explore
4.1.1.2. They circumnavigated Africa, explored America and the whole world
4.1.1.3. They created bases and colonies all over the world
4.1.1.4. They established the first truly global empires and united the world into one trade network
4.1.1.5. In doing this, they expanded the trade of goods and culture worldwide
4.1.1.5.1. The importation of new raw materials such as cotton fed the growth of manufacturing industries and trade in Europe
4.1.1.6. Europe's ambition enabled them to control global ocean trade networks
4.1.1.7. They were also able to gather resources and wealth which eventually gave them the power to compete with Asia and even defeat areas of it
4.1.1.8. It was the beginning of the rise of Europe as the world's superpower
4.1.1.9. It was also the beginning of global corporations and companies due to the result of the expanded trade routes
4.1.1.9.1. In order to be prosperous, countries bought less products and sold more products to earn more
4.1.1.9.2. Countries paid each other in gold and competed with each other by how much gold they each had
4.1.1.9.3. To export more than import, companies tried to get as many products from America as they could then be sold
4.1.1.9.4. Countries used companies to fund their explorations to get new products from America
4.1.1.9.5. The Monarch gave the company authority to run a colony in America
4.1.2. European Culture
4.1.2.1. The age of discovery funded and facilitated the Scientific Revolution and the Renaissance
4.1.2.1.1. This led to great strides in literature, architecture, science and mathematics
4.1.2.2. After people began to question current beliefs and knowledge from the bible, after they began to explore and after the scientific revolution began, the beginning of globalization occurred too
5. Intro
5.1. European maritime explorers impacted world trade and culture in several ways
5.2. European exploration transformed the world from individual isolated histories to a single world history
5.3. It had a huge impact on European and South American trade and culture too
6. Para 1
6.1. Topic Sentence- Global trade and culture was mainly based around the Silk Road before the Age of Exploration
6.2. European explorers transported goods on a network of trading routes that connected East Asia to Europe that was known as the Silk Road
6.3. Silk Road
6.3.1. The Silk road was useful as it gave the Europeans and other explorers access to the products of the East
6.3.2. Places that traded were mainly the Middle East, Europe and East Asia
6.3.3. Goods that were traded:
6.3.3.1. Goods like silk, spices, precious metals, art and anything else of value were traded on the routes
6.3.3.2. Eventually, western goods like glass, gold and garlic were traded with Asia as well
6.3.4. The main religions that were involved in the trading:
6.3.4.1. Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism
6.3.5. The silk Road brought together cultures that had never interacted before and there was also an exchange of customs and ideas
6.3.5.1. Greek math and philosophy made its way to Asia
6.3.5.2. Buddhist monks spread their beliefs north/east from India
6.3.5.3. The religion of Islam moved east and west from the Arabian Peninsula
6.3.6. The silk road began a cultural exchange- Historians call it the first example of globalization