Health and social

1. Work related factors

1.1. Type of work

1.1.1. Advantages

1.1.1.1. Manual work is physically hard so can improve physical fitness

1.1.1.2. Manual work is usually less stressful

1.1.1.3. You are less likely to be involved in an accident or sustain injury in non- manual work

1.1.2. Disadvantage

1.1.2.1. Manual work is more likely to involve accidents and injuries

1.1.2.2. Non-manual work is sedentary so people are less physically active

1.1.2.3. Non manual work is usually more stressful

1.1.2.4. Sitting at a computer for non-manual work may cause problems with eyesight and posture

1.2. Job satisfaction

1.2.1. Advantage

1.2.1.1. Varied work is more enjoyable

1.2.2. Disadvantage

1.2.2.1. Routine work can be dissatisfying

1.3. Mental stimulation

1.3.1. Advantage

1.3.1.1. A varied stimulating job gives opportunities to learn

1.3.2. Disadvantage

1.3.2.1. Routine jobs may be boring

1.4. Career success

1.4.1. Advantage

1.4.1.1. Success and career progression can improve self-esteem and confidence

1.4.2. Disadvantage

1.4.2.1. Jobs with more responsibility can be more stressful

1.5. Support from colleagues, or conflict

1.5.1. Advantage

1.5.1.1. You can develop life-long friendships and a good social life with collegues

1.5.2. Disadvantage

1.5.2.1. Poor working relationships can cause stress and conflict

1.6. Work/life balance

1.6.1. Advantage

1.6.1.1. High-powered jobs usually pay good salaries

1.6.2. Disadvantage

1.6.2.1. A well paid job may: - be demanding - require long hours - give you less time outside work

2. Alcohol consumption facts

2.1. Men can have 3-4 units a day whilst women can have 2-3

2.2. Men can have 21 units per week whilst women can have 14

2.3. Pregnant women are advised not to drink

2.4. A pint of lager has 2 units A can of lager has 1.5 units An 125ml glass of wine has 1.5 units A single measure of any spirit has 1 unit A bottle of wine has 10 units

2.5. Underage drinking

2.5.1. In the UK, you must be: - 18 years old to buy alcohol - 16 years old and accompanied by an adult to drink alcohol with a meal in a licensed public place

2.5.2. Underage drinking happens as a result of: - peer pressure - low prices - alcohol being readily available - parents or older friends buying it

2.6. Binge drinking

2.6.1. This is drinking heavily in a short space of time, to feel the effects of alcohol more. Binge drinking is drinking more than double the daily recommended units in one session. The main physical effects are: - Vomiting - Loss of sensory perception - Blackouts

2.7. Alcohol dependence

2.7.1. This is a physical and mental need to drink alcohol and the inability to stop. It is a chronic and progressive disease. Alcohol dependence can: - result in cravings for alcohol - cause withdrawal symptoms if you stop - have physical, social and emotional effects - have long-term health risks - result in premature death

2.8. Video:

2.9. Small quantities of alcohol can: - decrease risk of dementia - prevent colds - Lower risk of diabetes - Lower risk of cardiovascular disease - Reduce risk of gallstones

3. Recreational drugs

3.1. Stimulants including: - Tobacco - Caffeine - Cocaine - Amphetamines

3.1.1. Short term: - More active - Improved mood - More energy - Insomnia

3.1.2. Long term: - Addiction - Paranoia - Aggressiveness - Delusions

3.2. Anti-depressants including: - Alcohol - Solvents - Barbiturates - Heroin - Cannabis

3.2.1. Short term: - Drowsiness - Calmness - Reduced inhibition - Reduced awareness - Poor concentration

3.2.2. Long term: - Addiction - Breathing difficulties - Sleep problems - Sexual problems - Mental health problems - Anxiety - Coma from overdose

3.3. Hallucinogens including: - LSD - Ketamine - MDMA

3.3.1. Short term: - Changed impression of space and time - Distorted senses - Rapid mood swings

3.3.2. Long term: - Addiction - Lack of memory/concentration - Mental health problems - Depression/panic - Increased delusions

4. Sexual practices

4.1. Barrier methods of contraception include: 0 Condom - A rubber sheath that acts as a protective cover for the penis 0 Female condom (femidom) - A rubber sheath that lines the vagina 0 Diaphragm - A rubber cap that fits over the cervix

4.2. Safe sexual practices include: - Using contraception - Having sexual health check-ups - Only having sex with someone you trust - Limiting the number of sexual partners - Informing sexual partners of any sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - Not losing control of actions by taking drugs or drinking alcohol

4.3. Unsafe sexual practice can lead to: - Getting and spreading STIs - Related health risk - infertility, inflammatory pelvic disease - Development of cervical cancer - Unwanted pregnancy - Not developing close intimate and sexual relationships - Break-ups of relationships - Loss of reputation and self-esteem.

4.4. If you have unsafe sex with someone who has had unsafe sex with lots of other partners, you have a higher risk of catching an STI

4.5. STIs include but are not limited to: - Herpes - HIV/AIDS - Chlamydia - Gonorrhea - Pubic lice

5. social effects of eating unhealthily

5.1. may lead to antisocial behaivor

5.2. Increased pressure on existing friendship groups

5.3. Social isolation

5.4. More likely to be involved in an accident or be injured

5.5. Loss of friends

5.6. Less involved in social activities

5.7. Negative impact on family relationships

6. Home enviroment

6.1. Poorer living conditions

6.1.1. May be small, cramped or clattered

6.1.2. May be noisier, for example noisy neighbors causing sleeplessness

6.1.3. More likely to have accidents in the home

6.1.4. Often found in urban areas, which may be affected by pollution

6.1.5. More conflict e.g. due to stress or cramped conditions

6.1.6. May be damp, cold and dirty so more prone to illness

6.1.7. Less likely to have outdoor space for children to play in

6.2. Better living conditions

6.2.1. More likely to be quite/peaceful resulting in better sleep

6.2.2. Likely to be more spacious

6.2.3. Likely to have outdoor space for children to play in

6.2.4. Access to services may be more difficult in rural/isolated places

6.2.5. A better environment is more likely to make people happier and less likely to make them ill

7. Smoking facts

7.1. Reasons people smoke: - Peer pressure - most smokers start as teenagers, to be like their friends, to try to look older, to experiment and to rebel - As a reward - for example, when they have completed a task at work - To relieve stress - To beat other addictions, such as drugs or alcohol - To feel relaxed - To help them cope with a hard time - To control weight - For pleasure

7.2. The more cigarettes smoked, the greater the damage caused. The damage is even greater if cigarettes don't have filters

7.3. In the UK, smoking is now banned in all public places, including indoor workplaces, public transport and most work vehicles and company cars

7.4. Nicotine is addictive. Smokers need it to feel normal/calm. Nicotine alters the chemical balance in the brain and improves mood and concentration immediately. The body and mind get used to the effects and need more nicotine to get the same results, leading to addiction

7.5. Physical effects of smoking: - increased chance of getting flu/colds - Many different cancers - Stained teeth and fingers - Infertility - Emphysema - Damaged blood vessels and arteries - Bronchitis - Reduction in taste and smell - Coronary heart disease - Strokes - Pneumonia

7.6. Children with three or more smokers in the house are two-and-a-half times more likely to smoke themselves