1. Schools as Organizations
1.1. Senetors
1.1.1. Jeff Sessions
1.1.2. Richard Shelby
1.2. Congressman
1.2.1. Mo Brooks
1.3. State superintendant
1.3.1. Tommy Bice
1.4. Representatives on state board
1.4.1. Mary Scott Hunter
1.5. Local Superintendant
1.5.1. Matt Massey
1.6. France
1.6.1. Two school system
1.6.1.1. ordinary
1.6.1.2. elite
1.6.2. "excessively verbal"
2. Curriculum and Pedagogy
2.1. Social Efficiency Curriculum
2.1.1. Development of mass public secondary education
2.1.2. Students with common needs and aspirations would be schooled together
2.2. Functionalist
2.2.1. students should be integrated into the existing social order
2.2.2. curriculum represents the codification of knowledge students need to become members of society
2.2.3. goal is to give students the knowledge, language, and values to ensure stability
2.2.4. modern theory: stressed the role in preparing students for the increasingly complex roles required in a modern society
3. Equality of Opportunity
3.1. Womens Education
3.1.1. Educational attainment differences between men and women has dropped in the last 20 years
3.1.2. Women have "caught up" to men on almost all measures of academics
3.1.3. Liberals vs. Conservative
3.1.3.1. L: argue that the change is cause of success but educational reforms
3.1.3.2. C: argue it is a cause of "feminizing" the classroom
3.2. Coleman Study
3.2.1. "Round Two"
3.2.1.1. Private schools "do it better"
3.2.1.2. Becoming more elite
3.2.2. "Coleman Round Three"
3.2.2.1. Ones schooling relates to their race and socioeconomic background
3.2.2.2. The school has more effect on ones achievement
3.2.2.3. Education reform must focus on eliminating high levels of segregation
4. Education Inequality
4.1. Functionalists theory
4.1.1. Schooling will produce unequal results but it should be based on individual students and not groups
4.1.2. Unequal outcomes result from unequal educational opportunities
4.2. School Financing
4.2.1. Jonathan Krozol called for equal school financing in schools after documenting the vast differences in inner city and suburban schools.
4.2.2. Most states have significant differences between their poor districts and the affluent districts when it comes to money received per student.
4.2.3. in 1973 a court rulled ot eliminate the use of local property taxes as basis for school funding
4.2.4. Many states have ruled against the systems for school financing
5. Educational Reform
5.1. School Based Reform
5.1.1. School Choice
5.1.2. Charter Schools
5.1.3. Tuition Vouchers
5.2. Finance Reform
5.2.1. 1993: a group of concerned parents came together to challenge the state to provide "sound basic" education to all students
5.2.2. 1998: court ruled schools needed more supplemental programs
6. Politics of Education
6.1. Perspectives of Education
6.1.1. Consevative
6.1.1.1. Provide necessary training to ensure most talented and hard working students receive the tools to maximize economic and social productivity
6.1.1.2. Free Market
6.1.1.3. Emphasis on individuals
6.1.2. Liberal
6.1.2.1. Ensure the schools provides necessary education to give all students an equal opportunity
6.1.2.2. Highly involved Government
6.1.2.3. Equal Opportunity
6.1.3. Radical
6.1.3.1. Prepare students from different social backgrounds for different roles within the economic division of labor
6.1.3.2. Democratic Socialism
6.1.3.3. Social problems are structural in nature
6.1.4. Neo-liberal
6.2. Visions of Education
6.2.1. Traditional
6.2.1.1. Mecessary to the transmission of values
6.2.1.2. Hard work, family unity, individual initiative
6.2.2. Progressive
6.2.2.1. Central to solving social problems
6.2.2.2. Essential to the development of individual potential
6.2.2.3. Integral part of Democratic society
7. History of U.S. Education
7.1. Reform Movement
7.1.1. Rise of the common school 1820-1860
7.1.1.1. 1820: Schools est. pre-war were not functioning properly
7.1.1.2. Horace Mann created first "normal school"
7.1.1.3. Many opposed to the public schools; Catholics began opening private schools
7.1.2. Equity Era 1945-1980
7.1.2.1. Progressive and Traditional cycles
7.1.2.2. Equality of Opportunity
7.1.3. Standards Era 1980s-2012
7.2. Historical Interpretation
7.2.1. Democratic-Liberal
7.2.1.1. Progressive evolution
7.2.2. Radical-Revisionist
7.2.3. Conservative
8. Sociology of Education
8.1. Relationship between school and society
8.1.1. Shape students perceptions and consciousness
8.1.2. Play major role in determining top dog in society
8.1.3. Socialization
8.2. Effects of schooling
8.2.1. Knowledge and Attitudes
8.2.1.1. Higher social class, higher achievement
8.2.1.2. More educated the more likely to take part in politics and public affairs
8.2.2. Employment
8.2.2.1. 1986 54% of the 8 million college grads entered professional and technical jobs
8.2.2.2. Many companies require higher education
8.2.3. Education and Mobility
8.2.3.1. opens doors of opportunity
9. Philosophy of Education
9.1. Pragmatism
9.1.1. Founders
9.1.1.1. George Snaders Peirce
9.1.1.2. William James
9.1.1.3. John Dewey
9.1.2. Goal: Provide knowledge to improve the social order
9.1.3. Role of the teacher
9.1.3.1. Facilitator
9.1.3.2. encourages, offers suggestions, questions, helps plan courses of study
9.1.3.3. writes curriculum
9.1.3.4. disciplines
9.1.4. Methods
9.1.4.1. Children question what they wanna know
9.1.4.2. problem-solving or inquiry method
9.1.4.3. students and teachers often write books together
9.1.4.4. projects and field trips important
9.1.4.5. no formal instruction
9.1.5. Curriculum
9.1.5.1. Students would learn about topics using all core subjects