Aristotle

1. What is a Teleological System?

1.1. Aristotle believed that everything in this worls has causes, things that drive them to be created

1.1.1. 1. Material Cause: the material form which the thing is made

1.1.2. 2. Formal Cause: the shape or form a thing must take in order to be recognized

1.1.3. 3. Efficient Cause: the actual force used to make the things

1.1.4. 4. Final Cause: what is the ultimate purpose of the thing

2. Where Do Forms Reside?

2.1. forms lie inside the things themselves

2.2. each thing that we see is part of a Teleological (goal oriented0 system

3. Doryphorus

3.1. Material Cause= marble

3.2. Formal Cause=perfect nude human being, shows controposto, turned head displays though (REASON)

3.3. Efficient Cause= mathematics, sandpaper, chisel

3.4. Final Cause=show perfection, display Phi, to teach new virtue--> Strenght & Reason, didactic teaching

4. Biology

4.1. metaphysics- "All men by nature desire to know. An example is the delight we take in our senses."

4.2. belief that what occurs in nature is purposeful not by a random chance

4.3. we are given senses to use them in order to understand the world

4.4. to engage the problem of knowledge, one must begin with our senses

5. Human Senses Differ From Other Animals?

5.1. all lif forms have nutritive, reproduction, & locomotive power

5.2. animals differ by possesing the power of sensation and perception

5.2.1. though there are more complex animals who have intellectual power (problem solving ability)

5.2.2. this intellectual power is found in humans and is seen as REASON, which is the ability to understand universals

6. Does Aristotle Differ From Plato & Socrates?

6.1. Aristotle is a scientific and practical thinker

6.2. he doesn't believe in The World of Forms (Plato), intead thinks that everything that we can understand are the things we can touch

6.3. He is able to create and manipulate a scientific model to philosophical investigation