1. Bipolar and Related Disorders
1.1. bipolar disorder/manic depressison
1.1.1. depressed and manic episodes
1.2. Schizophrenic Disorders
1.2.1. Defined as
1.2.1.1. disordered, distorted thinking often demonstrated through delusions, hallucinations, disorganized language, and/or unusual affect and motor behavior
1.2.2. Subcategories/Symptoms
1.2.2.1. Negative Symptoms
1.2.2.1.1. Catatonia
1.2.2.1.2. Inappropriate Affect
1.2.2.1.3. Flat Affect
1.2.2.1.4. more low key and less emotion, involve not having something
1.2.2.2. Positive Symptoms
1.2.2.2.1. Delusions
1.2.2.2.2. Neologisms
1.2.2.2.3. Hallucinations
1.2.2.2.4. Disorganized Speech (Word Salad)
1.2.2.2.5. more lively and emotion, involves having something
1.2.2.3. Waxy Flexibility
1.2.2.3.1. allowing their body to be moved into any alternative shape and will then hold that new pose
1.2.2.4. Clang Associations
1.2.2.4.1. stringing together a series of nonsense words that rhyme
1.2.3. Causes/On Set
1.2.3.1. Dopamine Hypothesis
1.2.3.1.1. a high level of dopamie seems to be associated with schizophrenia
1.2.3.2. average age of onset is 18-25...the first few years of college
1.2.3.3. Same amount of males and females are diagnosed
1.2.3.4. more women have bipolar disorders
1.2.3.5. Is hereditary
1.2.3.6. Being raised Double Bind
2. Somatic Symptom Disorders
2.1. Types
2.1.1. Conversion Disorder
2.1.1.1. people who report the existence of a severe physical problem such as paralysis or blindness, and they will, in fact, be unable to move their arms or see. YET no biological reason for such problems can be identified.
2.1.2. Hypochondriasis
2.1.2.1. complaining frequently about physical problems for which doctors are unable to find a cause.
2.2. Definition
2.2.1. when a person experiences a physical problem in the absence of any identifiable physical cause.
2.3. Causes
2.3.1. Psychodynamic
2.3.1.1. merely outward manifestations of unresolved unconscious conflicts
2.3.2. Behaviorists
2.3.2.1. people with somatic symptom disorders are being reinforced for their behavior.
3. Dissociative Disorders
3.1. Dissociative amnesia
3.1.1. when a person can't remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified
3.2. DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder)
3.2.1. Formerly known as multiple personality disorder
3.2.2. when a person has several personalities rather than one integrated personality. The two personalities will often be the opposite of each other.
3.2.3. Possible causes: people with DID commonly have a history of sexual assault or some other terrible childhood trauma
3.2.4. Critics suggest that some people diagnosed with DID may have been led to role-play the disorder inadvertently as a result of their therapists' questions and media portrayals
3.2.5. related to having more receptors for acetylcholine
3.3. Organic Amnesia
3.3.1. biologically induced amnesia
3.4. Cause
3.4.1. Psychoanalytic
3.4.1.1. believe that dissociative disorders result when an extremely traumatic event has been so thoroughly prepressed that a split in consciousness results.
3.4.2. Behaviorists
3.4.2.1. people who have experienced trauma simply find not thinking about it to be rewarding, thus producing amnesia or, in extreme cases, DID
4. Personality Disorders
4.1. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
4.1.1. Thinks that they are the center of the universe
4.2. Anti-Social Personality Disorder
4.2.1. little regards for people's feelings. View the world as a hostile place where they need to look out for themselves. Common in criminals
4.2.2. More Common in Men
4.3. Dependent Personality Disorder
4.3.1. Rely too much on the attention and help of others
4.4. Paranoid Personality Disorder
4.4.1. Always feel as if they're being persecuted by others
4.5. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
4.5.1. Overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors. But they aren't debilitated to the same extent that someone with OCD would
4.6. Histrionic Personality Disorder
4.6.1. Connotes overly dramatic behavior
5. Others
5.1. Paraphilias/Psychosexual Disorders
5.1.1. Masochist
5.1.1.1. aroused by having pain inflicted upon themselves
5.1.2. Sadist
5.1.2.1. aroused by inflicting pain on someone else
5.1.3. Fetishism
5.1.3.1. attraction to objects
5.1.4. Zoophilia
5.1.4.1. attraction to animals
5.1.5. Voyeur
5.1.5.1. watching others engage in some kind of sexual behavior
5.1.6. Pedophilia
5.1.6.1. attraction to children
5.2. Eating Disorders
5.2.1. Anorexia Nervosa
5.2.1.1. significantly low wight for one's age and size
5.2.1.2. intense fear of food and fat
5.2.1.3. distorted body image
5.2.2. Bulimia
5.2.2.1. fear of food
5.2.2.2. cycles of eating large amounts of food, then purging
5.3. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
5.3.1. when the use of such substances of behaviors like gambling regularly negatively affects a person's life
5.4. Autism Spectrum Disorder
5.4.1. seek out less social and emotional contact than other children. hypersensitive to sensory stimulation
5.5. ADHD
6. Anxiety Disorders
6.1. Panic Disorder
6.1.1. suffers from acute episodes of intense anxiety without any apparent provication
6.1.2. Panic attacks tend to increase in frequency, and people often suffer additional anxiety due to anticipating the attacks.
6.2. GAD
6.2.1. experiences constant, low-level anxiety. constantly feels nervous and out of sorts.
6.3. Causes
6.3.1. Psychoanalytic
6.3.1.1. caused by unresolved, unconcious
6.3.2. behaviorists
6.3.2.1. assert that anxiety disorders are learned
6.3.3. cognitive
6.3.3.1. believe that disorders result from dysfunctional ways of thinking
6.4. PTSD
6.4.1. when you aren't able to express your initial emotion pain, and has it bottled up...the pain comes out as emotional arousal (emotional outbursts of behavior
7. Definition
7.1. Disturbing to the individual
7.1.1. maladaptive, harmful to the person
7.2. disturbing to others
7.2.1. other people think that it is weird
7.3. unusual
7.3.1. not shared by many members of the population
7.4. irrational
7.4.1. doesn't make any sense to the average person
8. Treatments
9. Etiology (causes)
9.1. Perspectives
9.1.1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
9.1.1.1. Internal, unconscious conflicts
9.1.2. Humanistic
9.1.2.1. failure to strive towards one's potential or being out of touch with one's feelings
9.1.3. Behavioral
9.1.3.1. Reinforcement history, the environment
9.1.4. Cognitive
9.1.4.1. Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking
9.1.5. Sociocultural
9.1.5.1. dysfunctional society
9.1.6. Biomedical
9.1.6.1. organix problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions
10. Specific phobia
10.1. symptoms
10.2. Types
10.2.1. Claustrophobia
10.2.1.1. fear of enclosed spaces
10.2.2. arachnophobia
10.2.2.1. fear of spiders
10.2.3. agoraphobia
10.2.3.1. fear of open, public spaces
10.2.3.1.1. extreme cases are afraid to venture outside of their homes at all
10.3. Treatment
10.4. Etiology
10.5. Phobias are from learned behavior
11. Depressive Disorders
11.1. Mood/Affective Disorder
11.1.1. Experiences extreme or inappropriate emotions
11.2. Major Depressive Disorder
11.2.1. Symptoms
11.2.1.1. the length of the depressive episode (+2 weeks without clear reason)
11.2.1.2. loss of appetite
11.2.1.3. fatigue
11.2.1.4. change in sleeping patterns
11.2.1.5. lack of interest in normally enjoyable activities
11.2.1.6. feelings of worthlessness
11.3. SAD (seasonal affective disorder)
11.3.1. experiencing depression but only during certain times of the year, usually wunder, when there is less sunlight.
11.3.2. Treated often with light therapy
11.4. Etiology
11.4.1. Psychoanalysts
11.4.1.1. view depression as the product of anger directed inward, loss during the early psychosexual stages, or an overly punitive supereo
11.4.2. Learning Theorists
11.4.2.1. view the mood disorder as bringing about some kind of reinforcement such as attention or sympathy
11.4.3. People: Aaron Beck
11.4.3.1. Cognitive Triad
11.4.3.1.1. belief that depression results from unreasonably negative ideas that people have about themselves, their world, and their futures
11.4.4. Biological
11.4.4.1. low levels of serotonin
11.4.4.2. low levels of neuropinephrine
11.5. Martin Seligman
11.5.1. learned helplessness
11.5.1.1. when one's prior experiences have caused that person to view him/herself as unable to control aspects of the future that are uncontrollable
11.5.2. dog experiment: shock with/out escape vs. later being able to escape
11.5.2.1. due to lack of ability to control their fate in the first place of the first phase of these experiment, these gods had learned to act helpless.