1. Prokaryotic cells
1.1. Consist of bacteria and archeabacteria
1.2. no chromosom,only circular DNA stands
1.3. no nucleus
1.4. cell wall made by peptidoglycan
1.5. undego binary fusion
2. Eukaryotic cells
2.1. Consist plants,animals,funfi,slieme moulds,protozoa and algae
2.2. chromosome are present
2.3. have distinct nucleus
2.4. many membranous organelles
2.5. cell wall was made by cellulose
2.6. undergo mitosis and meiosis
3. Plant cells
3.1. have fixed shape
3.2. have cell wall
3.3. have vacuoles
3.3.1. maintaining turgidity of cells
3.4. have chloroplast
3.4.1. contain chloropyll for photosynthesis
3.5. food storage at starch
3.6. do not have centrioles
4. Animal cells
4.1. do not have fixed shape
4.2. do not have cell wall
4.3. do not have vacuoles
4.4. do not have chloroplast
4.5. food storage at glycogen
4.6. have centrioles
5. Muscle tissues
5.1. smooth muscle
5.1.1. involuntary muscles
5.2. striated muscles
5.2.1. known as skeletal muscle
5.3. cardiac muscles
5.3.1. only found in heart
6. Epithelial tissues
6.1. squomous epithelium
6.2. cuboidal epithelium
6.3. columnar epithelium
6.4. sratified epithelium
6.4.1. stratified squamous
6.4.1.1. found in epidermis of skin and in the lining of the innermost layer of esophagus
6.4.2. sratified cuboidal
6.4.2.1. found in the excretory duct of sweat glands
6.4.3. stratified columnar
6.4.3.1. found in the secretory ducts of the mamary glands
6.5. pseudostratified epithelium
6.5.1. appear to be layer but layer do not exist
7. Bones
7.1. act as lever
7.1.1. converting muscle contraction into movement
7.2. Spongy bones
7.2.1. found in the center of flat bones and in the end of long bones
7.3. Compact bones
7.3.1. form by osteocytes located in the lacunae
8. Nerve tissues
8.1. neurones
8.1.1. a cell body
8.1.2. dendrites
8.1.3. the axon
8.2. neuroglial cells
9. Blood
9.1. Red blood cells ( Erythrocytes)
9.2. White blood cells ( Leukocytes )
9.2.1. Granulocytes
9.2.2. Neutrophils
9.2.3. eosinophils
9.2.4. Basophils
9.2.5. Agranulocytes
9.2.6. Lymphocytes
9.2.7. Monocytes
9.3. Platelets ( Trombocytes)
10. Cartilage
10.1. Hyaline cartilafge
10.1.1. most common form
10.2. Elastic cartilage
10.2.1. contains many elastic fibers giving int a yellowish color
10.3. Fibrous cartilage
10.3.1. contains a dense network of collagenn fibers
11. Cell wall
11.1. tough, rigid, thick non-living structure
11.2. give very difine shapes
11.3. Function:
11.3.1. maintaining the shape of the cells
11.3.2. providing strength and give mechanical support
11.3.3. maintains the turgidity of cells
11.3.4. allow exchange substance during homeostasis
11.3.5. an important reserve of carbohydrates
12. Plasma membrane
12.1. encloses the cytoplasm/protoplasm of the cells
12.2. provides shape and protection for cells
12.3. semi-permeable or selective permeable
12.4. protein are embedded in phospholipid bilayer
13. Cytoskeleton
13.1. made of filamentous protein networks and skeleton of the cells
13.2. microfilament
13.3. microtubules
13.4. intermediate filaments
14. Nucleus
14.1. largest and most prominent organelle
14.2. oval or sperical shape
14.3. store genetic material in the form of DNA
14.4. Nucleolus
14.4.1. to synthesize ribosomal RNA subunits for the synthesis of protein
15. Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)
15.1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)
15.1.1. next to nucleus
15.1.2. synthesizing protein,modifying,packaging and transport of secretory proteins
15.2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER)
15.2.1. diverse metabolics activities
16. Golgi body
16.1. consist of a stack of flattened membranous sacs known as cisterinae
16.2. receives,stores,concetrate,modifies,finishes and sorts proteins
17. Ribosomes
17.1. small,solid, spherical granules
17.2. an assembly of two ribosomal RNA(rRNA) that are synthesizedd in nucleus
17.3. synthesized protein molecules
18. Lysosomes
18.1. dark spherical bodies, recyling center of the cell
18.2. contains hydrolytic enzymes
18.2.1. to digest macromolecules in the cells
18.3. recycling centre
18.4. also digest the remains of dead organelle(autolysis process)
19. Mitocondria
19.1. bounded by two layerof membrane
19.2. the cristae partially divide by mitochondrial fluid called mitochondrial matrix
19.3. mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes, DNA and ribosomes
19.4. powerhouse of cell
19.4.1. energy production for the cell