Hit and Miss

1. How did the teacher find out that this was the case?

1.1. verbal response

1.1.1. no or a brief answer

1.1.2. using Czech (mother tongue)

1.2. body language

1.2.1. no eye-contact

1.2.2. blushing

1.2.3. trying to leave the room

1.2.4. other symptoms of nervousness (e.g. shivering hands)

2. Errors and mistakes

2.1. errors

2.1.1. gaps in the learner´s knowledge

2.1.1.1. Global: violate the overall structure

2.1.1.2. Local: effect only a single constituent

2.1.1.3. Presystematic:lack of knowledge of the language system, self-correction impossible

2.1.1.4. Systematic

2.1.1.5. Postsystematic:students already know necessary language rules, they are able to correct their mistakes by themselves

2.2. mistakes

2.2.1. slips of the tongue

2.2.2. Ss can usually correct themselves

3. What is the source of this problem?

3.1. Ss don´t

3.1.1. understand

3.1.2. have enough knowledge

3.1.3. have enough time to think it over

3.1.4. know the answer/s

3.1.5. want to draw attention to themselves

3.1.6. feel comfortable in the class, might be afraid of being embarrassed

4. What can be done about it?

4.1. create a good rapport --> students don't mind speaking

4.2. don´t underestimate the silent period

4.3. come up with topics students are interested in

4.4. give ss more time to work on the task

4.5. don't correct mistakes when practising fluency

4.6. when correcting errors take in account student´s personality (e.g.self-confidence,level of anxiety )

4.7. give error feedback when your students are ready for it, don´ t correct presystematic errors

4.8. don´t set tasks which are too difficult for the students, take in account level of their language ability

4.9. give clear instructions, encourage students to ask about explanations when they do not understand anything