
1. asteroid belt
1.1. A region of rocky debris that forms a ring all the way around the sun and the inner planets at a distance of about 3 AU. The asteroid contains billions of pieces of rock of all sizes
2. supernova
2.1. is when a star explodes, the gradual build up of heavy elements in the stars center cause the core to collapse
3. light year
3.1. (LY) It equals the distance that a beam of light can travel through space in one year. It is equivalent to 63 billion Km
4. nebula
4.1. is a large cloud of dust and gas. Nebula are often called star nurseries, because it is form their dust and develop in
5. astronomical unit
5.1. (AU) equals the average distance between the sun and the earth in millions of km
6. black hole
6.1. A region of space where Gravity is so strong the nothing, not even light can escape.
6.2. The gravity also pulls in stars destroying them, and adds mass to the black hole increasing its size
6.3. Also centre of all galaxies
7. nuclear fusion
7.1. process in which the nuclei of atoms fuse together and form larger atoms
8. microgravity
8.1. Affects can be reduced by exercising
8.2. Condition in which the gravitational forces that act on mass are greatly reduced
8.2.1. heart weakens
8.2.2. immune system weakens
8.2.3. muscle mass goes down
9. the sun
9.1. The sun first began shining about 5 billion years ago and is expected to continue shining for about 5 billion years more
9.2. The two layers we can only see during a solar eclipse is the chromosphere And corona
9.3. The layer that is considered to be the boundary of the sun is the photosphere
9.3.1. Which we see from earth
9.4. Nuclear fusion occurs in the core of the sun
9.4.1. This is the process in which light atoms fuse and become very hot and very bright
9.5. Two elements that make up 99% of the sun.
9.5.1. hydrogen and helium
9.6. Solar flare: Is a massive explosion at the surface of the sun
9.6.1. Coronal mass ejection: when this occurs a large amount of plasma is thrown out through the corona
9.6.2. The earth is protected by solar flares and coronal ejection reaching our planet is by earths magnetic field diverting much of the plasma away from the planet
10. dark matter
10.1. Refers to matter in the universe that is invisible
10.2. 27% of the universe is filled with dark matter
11. 3 general mass categories used to describe stars
11.1. Low mass: Use their nuclear fuel much slower so they last longer
11.1.1. most stars in the universe are low mass
11.2. Medium mass: Burn their fuel faster than low mass. The sun is a medium mass dwarf star
11.3. High mass: Are 10 times the mass of the sun. As gravity pulls matter into the center of the star, the star is hotter, brighter, and bluer than other stars.
12. 4 main types of spacecrafts
12.1. rocket
12.2. Spacestation
12.2.1. the international space station (ISS) is the biggest space station ever built
12.3. space probe
12.4. space shuttle
13. 3 characteristics stars are arranged by
13.1. Surface temperature: The hottest stars are plotted on the left, and the coolest stars are plotted on the right.
13.2. Colour- Red stars are plotted on the right, and blue plotted on the left. Other stars, such as the yellow sun are plotted in between
13.3. Luminosity: The brightest stars are plotted at the top and dimmest stars are plotted at the bottom
13.4. Groups of stars that DO NOT appear in the sequence often at the end of their lives
13.4.1. White dwarfs: Are white because they are hot but dim because they are small. White dwarfs are cooling eventually become black
13.4.1.1. Red Giants: The outer layer of these stars are cool and appear red, but they are bright because they are so large. All of these giants will eventually explode
14. geostationary orbit
14.1. A satellite that orbits earth at the same rate as the earths rotates, making it look stationary (in one place)
15. 3 different shapes galaxies can have
15.1. Elliptical: Is a shape like a flatted sphere. Elliptical galaxies are those whose shape ranges. This happens when galaxies merge
15.2. Spiral and Barred spiral galaxy: spiral is named for its spiral arms and if it also has what looks like bars across them, they are called a barred spiral galaxy.
15.2.1. the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy
15.3. Irregular: If a galaxy isn't like a spiral or Elliptical or without a shape, it is a irregular Galaxy
16. star
16.1. is a hot ball of plasma and it shines because nuclear fusion is taking pace in its core
17. satellite
17.1. A device placed in orbit around earth or another celestial object
17.2. Artificial satellite is an artificial body placed in orbit to collect information or for communication
18. All galaxies have stars, planets and dust
19. Hertzsprung-Russel diagram: created by Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russel
19.1. they wanted to find out whether any pattern might emerge that would tell us more about the nature of stars, there was and this diagram was made
20. gps
20.1. stands for global positioning system and uses at least 3 satellites to pin point your location using low energy microwave signals.
21. spinoff
21.1. A secondary beneficial effect or product of a thing or activity in this case from the technology they use in space like a smoke dectector
22. solar system
22.1. is the sun together with all the planets held by the suns gravitational pull and orbit around it
23. prostar
23.1. A star in its first formation
23.2. The star draws in material falling inward to the core that has excess energy.
24. Planets
24.1. four inner planets (rocky planets)
24.1.1. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
24.2. four outer planets (gas and ice)
24.2.1. Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus, Neptune
24.3. the asteroid belt divides the rocky and gaseous planets
24.4. one minor or dwarf planets
24.4.1. Pluto