Biology
by Gabriela Melendez
1. Species
1.1. Similar organisms
2. Population
2.1. Same species, same area
3. Habitat
3.1. Physical environment
4. Community
4.1. Populations of different species that live and interact in an area
5. Ecosystem
5.1. a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
6. Niche
6.1. All the interactions of a species
7. Biotic factors
7.1. organisms which are living things such as animals, people and plants that effect the ecosystem and other things in that ecosystem that they live in.
8. Abiotic factors
8.1. non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the ecosystems
8.2. physical things such as rocks, air and water and measured things such as temperature, hours of sunlight etc.
9. Sustainability
9.1. Populations can produce and interact indefinitely
10. Biodiversity
10.1. the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
10.2. High biodiversity = healthy, sustainable environment
11. Biomes
11.1. terrestial
11.1.1. tundra, boreal forest, grasslands, Temperate coniferous forests, Deciduous forests
11.2. aquatic
11.2.1. marine (ocean) or fresh water(lakes rivers)
12. Biosphere: 3 components that make it
12.1. Atmosphere
12.1.1. Layer of gases that surrounds the earth (Air)
12.2. Hydrosphere
12.2.1. All the water on earth
12.3. lithosphere
12.3.1. Earth's solid outer layer ( the crust)
13. Nutrients
13.1. Substances that an organism uses to build and repair the cells of it's body
13.2. Provides energy
13.3. Animals eat food to get nutrients
13.4. Plants get nutrients from the soil
13.5. Nutrients cycle back and forth between biotic and abiotic parts
14. water cycle
14.1. Evaporation/ Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Run-off, collection/ Seepage/ Root uptake
15. nitrogen cycle
15.1. Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen + Nitrogen fixing bacteria = ammonia
15.2. Nitrification Ammonia + nitrifying bacteria = nitrites --> nitrates Nitrates go into plants
15.3. Denitrification Nitrates + denitrifying bacteria = nitrogen
16. carbon cycle
16.1. Biotic reservoir of forests Abiotic reservoir of coal
17. food chain
17.1. Producer> primary consumer> secondary consumer>tertiary consumer
18. food web
18.1. Shows complicated feeding relations
19. energy pyramid
19.1. 60% passed out as waste 30% used in body processes and 10% stored in body tissue
20. Biotic interactions in ecosystem
20.1. Competition
20.2. Predation
20.3. Symbiosis
20.3.1. mutualism
20.3.2. commensalism
20.3.3. parasitism
21. population growth
21.1. J-Curve (Exponential growth)
21.2. Boom and Bust Curve (Sudden growth and sudden decline)
21.3. S-Curve (Sudden then Plateaued growth)
22. carrying capacity
22.1. Maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without damage
23. Biotic limiting factors
23.1. Competition, Predation, Parasitism and disease
24. Abiotic limiting factors
24.1. Forest fires and other extreme climates
25. stewardship
25.1. A way of acting that involves taking personal responsibility for the management and care of something
26. climate change & global warming
26.1. Occurs in a region when the climate may rise or fall
26.2. Increases in Earths average temperature caused partly by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Burnt fossil fuels)
27. 4 levels of risk
27.1. Expiration: a species no longer exists in One place but occur elsewhere
27.2. Endangered: a species that faces extinction or extirpation
27.3. Threatened: a species that is at risk of becoming endangered if limiting factors are not reversed
27.4. extinct: the species no longer exists anywhere,é death of every member in that species
28. Ex-situ and In-situ
28.1. In-situ: Conserves species in their natural habitat and protect them from predators or creating a reserve for the species and habitat.
28.2. Ex-situ: Conserves species by removing them from their natural habitats this strategy is when a species is threatened or no longer exist if the existing population is extremely small. The at risk individuals are taken to zoos or reserves
28.2.1. Ex-situ is a last resort
29. pest control
29.1. Integrated pest management uses knowledge about pests biology and habitat rather than using pesticides
29.2. some farmers use pesticides
29.2.1. Pesticides are bad for the environment