1. Politics of Education
1.1. Identify and Describe the four purposes of Education:
1.1.1. 1) Intellectual: Teach basic cognitive skills. 2) Political: to prepare citizens who will participate in political order 3) economic: prepare for later occupation and allocate individuals into a service of labor 4) Social: solve social problems- socialize children into various roles, behaviors, and values of society.
1.2. Choose and Describe Political Perspective
1.2.1. I think the perspective that I agree most with would be a mix of Conservative and Liberal.. :However, I think I am leaning more on the Liberal side. I think it is extremely important for all students to get an equal opportunity especially if they are coming from lower socioeconomic background or if they are a child with special needs. However, I lean a little to the conservative side in thinking that a child is responsible for their own work and shouldn't be given handicaps if they don't require one. I do disagree heavily with one aspect of Neo-:Liberalism however, I don't think that cutting public spending for public education will produce anything good. It is essential to keep schools well balanced and updated to keep students learning at the highest level possible.
1.3. Choose and Describe one vision of Education:
1.3.1. Traditionalist: The view of making sure to grow the individual is essential to me as a future teacher. I want to provide the best education that I can in order to improve my student to the best of their own ability to go out into society. I want to help get each student to their individual best.
1.4. Choose and describe a perspective for the following:
1.4.1. 1) Role of School- either can mean to either maintain the status quo or to improve it.l
1.4.2. 2) explanations of unequal performance- Conservatives, certain children's grades will rise and fall as their own standards; Liberal- different children begin school with different life chances and some are at a greater advantage than others. Radicals- students from lower socioeconomic background begin school with unequal chance.
1.4.3. 3) definition of educational problems- decline of standards, cultural literacy, decline of values of civilization, and decline of authority
2. History of U.S. Education
2.1. Choose and Describe a Reform movement that had the most influence
2.1.1. Education for Women and African Americans- I think this has had the most influence just based on the amount of women that make up the teaching force today, over 80%/ Without this reform taking place these women would have never received the proper education it takes to educate the children on the future.
2.2. one historical interpretation of U.S. Education
2.2.1. Democratic-Liberal School, believe that history of U.s. Education involves the progressive evolution, of a school system committed to providing equality of opportunity for all.
3. Sociological Perspectives
3.1. Define the theoretical perspective concerning the relationship between school and society: functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionalism.
3.1.1. Functional Theory- How well the parts are integrated in order to have a picture of society that stresses interdependence of the social system.
3.1.2. Conflict Theory- the ability of dominant groups through force, cooperation, and manipulation- in this view the core of society is economic, political,cultural, and military power.
3.1.3. Interactional Theory- relation of school and the interactions that are happening today to truly understand what is going on inside their own school environment.
3.2. Identify and describe 5 effects of schooling on individuals that you think have the greatest impact on students as explained in the book (there are 10 between pages 121-128).
3.2.1. Knowledge and Attitude
3.2.1.1. When taking into account a students class background it is said that those with a higher class are more likely to achieve more.
3.2.2. Employment
3.2.2.1. Students who graduate from college have a greater opportunity for employment
3.2.3. Education and Mobility
3.2.3.1. there is a difference of education amount and educational route
3.2.4. Teacher Behavior
3.2.4.1. teachers impact a student by being a model for them, instructional leaders, and teachers set the standards that are to be expected from each student.
3.2.5. Student Peer Groups and Alienation
3.2.5.1. student subcultures as in the "nerds" or the :"cool kids" have a great impact on the way a student may view his or her schooling.
3.2.6. Inadequate Schools
3.2.6.1. The differences that exists in the different kinds of school systems create a gap for students in their education.
3.2.7. Tracking
3.2.7.1. Placing a student in a certain curriculum based upon their abilities.
3.2.8. De Facto Segregation
3.2.8.1. Those in the minority are more likely to do better in a racially diverse school and the majority of the students face no harm from this either.
3.2.9. Gender
3.2.9.1. Men and women don't share equally in American society. When girls enter school their usually have a higher cognitive and social skill they usually leave school with a low self esteem.
3.2.10. Education and Inequality
3.2.10.1. The classes in America have a great impact on what the child may be able to accomplish in the future
4. Philosophy of Education
4.1. Describe the particular world view of one of student-centered philosophy of education (pragmatism or existentialism). Include the following information: generic notions, key researchers, goal of education, role of teacher, method of instruction, and curriculum.
4.1.1. Existentialism- a rather modern philosophy- its roots are traced back to the bible.
4.1.1.1. Generic Notions- Individuals are placed on Earth and make decisions that will define who they are.
4.1.1.2. Key Researchers- Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Martin Buber (1878-1965) Karl Jaspers (1883-1969) Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1986) Maxine Green (1889-1969)
4.1.1.3. Goal of Education- education should focus on the needs of the individual both cognitive and effectively. See education as a place to explore the possibilities. .
4.1.1.4. Role of Teacher- The teacher is to understand their own worlds, as well as, the worlds that each student lives in. Teachers are to expose themselves to become transparent to students to keep the student's "wide awake" for education.
4.1.1.5. Method of Instruction- learning is personal- the teacher is constantly learning new technologies then teaching the student in order to come up with an understanding for each individual student.
4.1.1.6. Curriculum- heavily biased towards humanities. I.e. Art, drama, music, and literature. Exposing students at a huge age to the ugliness of the world but also teaching them possibilities to fix..
5. Schools as Organizations
5.1. Identify and describe the elements of change within school processes and school cultures.
5.1.1. GOVERNANCE-
5.1.2. SIZE AND DEGREE OF CENTRALIZATION- The number of children in public elementary and secondary schools rose from 91 in 1930 to 450 in the 1980.
5.1.3. STUDENT COMPOSITION- In 2010 53.5 percent of students in public school systems were white.
5.1.4. DEGREE OF OPENNESS- all children in the U.S. are entitled to enroll in the public school system
5.1.5. PRIVATE SCHOOLS- There is tremendous diversity in the private school setting and most private schools are depicted with a religious affiliation.
5.2. Identify major stakeholders in YOUR district by name (state senators, House of Representatives, state superintendent, representative on state school board, local superintendent, and local school board)
6. Curriculum and Pedagogy
6.1. Identify and describe the two dominant traditions of teaching.
6.1.1. Develop mentalist- focus on core curriculum and learning and Humanist- focuses on each child and what he or she needs.
6.2. Explain a curriculum theory which you advocate (humanist, social efficiency, developmentalist, or social meliorist).
6.2.1. Humanist- a huge focus on the child's needs and understanding what each individual student needs.
7. Equality of Opportunity
7.1. Describe how class, race, and gender each impact educational outcomes.
7.1.1. Class- school is expensive and the lower the class a student's family resides in the more likely they are to receive a lesser quality of education.
7.1.2. Race- Although racism isn't as big as a political issue as it once was it is hard to separate the difference in race and class. 5.2% of whites drop out of school while 9.3% of blacks drop out of school
7.1.3. Gender-there is a huge decrease in the difference of women and men education in the last 20 years. For the most part, women don't experience differences in their education based upon their gender.
7.2. What were the two responses to the Coleman Study from 1982?
7.2.1. 1.. THe sociologists began to examine and reexamine the findings
8. Educational Inequality
8.1. Explain the two types of cultural deprivation theory.
8.1.1. anthropologist John Ogbu (19781 19791 and 1986) argues that African-American students tend to do less well in schools because they have the "burden of acting white".
8.1.2. John Obju (1999) also stated that ASian Americans come to the US willing to adapt in order to dominate culture in order to succeed.
8.2. Describe at least four school-centered explanations for educational inequality.
8.2.1. Finanacing the amount of money that a school has into play for their students educations and resources.
8.2.2. effective school research this is the study for teachers to learn their abilities and their limitations inside the classroom
8.2.3. Between School differences most of the differences occur in the schools climate of school areas, like: inner city, and socioeconomic.
8.2.4. within school differences, curriculum and ability grouping. Students are divided up based on their reading levels and their curriculum abilities.
9. Educational Reform
9.1. Describe two school-based reforms (school-based, school-business partnerships, privatization, school-to-work programs, teacher education or teacher quality
9.1.1. No Child Left Behind- that annual testing, school by school data is required, states must report yearly prgress, and if a school doesnt meet the requirements they are marked "in need of improvement".
9.1.2. Race to the Top established by President Obama, that adapt standards that will allow students to succeed in college, build data systems that measure student growth, and turn around our lowest achieving schools
9.2. Describe at two societal, economic, community, or political reforms.
9.2.1. Full Service and community schools- is a required of a school to meet the needs of a students and their entire family inside and outside of the classroom
9.2.2. Harlem's Child Zone,, Canada provides programs for a parent, before a child is even born, for parents in Harlem to infuse knowledge that middle class parents know they should do for their infants in a "sensitive way".