Vernacular architecture

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Vernacular architecture by Mind Map: Vernacular architecture

1. rural vernacular buildings

1.1. a village or settlement - organized structure with good cultural landscape setting behind it

1.1.1. settings

1.1.1.1. a place with embedded things like nomadic people

1.1.1.2. natural

1.1.1.2.1. mountains

1.1.1.2.2. waterways

1.1.1.3. man-made

1.1.1.3.1. god shrines

1.1.1.3.2. burial sites

1.1.1.3.3. rice fields

1.1.2. settlements

1.1.2.1. a place with community established

1.1.2.2. forms of production in the landscape

1.1.2.2.1. agrarian

1.1.2.2.2. fishing

1.1.2.3. clustering of people within a settlement

1.2. a physical represesntation of livelihood and social economic and cultural system

1.2.1. example

1.2.1.1. diaolou

1.2.1.1.1. social

1.2.1.1.2. economic

1.3. connection to the spiritual and cosmic realm

1.3.1. logic

1.3.1.1. highly dependent on natural environment

1.3.1.2. belief god control the season and natural environment

1.4. building method

1.4.1. material

1.4.1.1. agricultural by product

1.4.1.2. from primitive on site and natural materials

1.4.2. learn and succeed the way of the previous generations

1.4.3. conscious planning and precise workmanship

2. urban vernacular

2.1. typologies

2.1.1. japanese townhouse

2.1.1.1. room behind align along alley

2.1.1.2. flexbible room seting on second floor with tatami

2.1.1.3. front could open for shops

2.1.2. south asian bungalow

2.1.2.1. originated from 1 or 1.5 story grass roof house and britis colonization of India

2.1.2.2. high ceiling and deep veranda in front

2.1.3. asain shop house

2.1.3.1. hybrid of chinese precedence and western

2.1.3.2. family upstairs kitchen at back closely connected to other family

2.1.4. urban houses in nepal

2.1.4.1. centered on main temple of coexisting hinduism and budduism

2.1.4.2. material - stones, ,mud, timber frames

2.1.4.3. animals on ground floor

2.1.4.3.1. live stock

2.1.4.3.2. warmth production

2.1.4.4. kitchen as welcoming visitors

2.1.5. definition

2.1.5.1. types - aspects of the organization of buildings

2.1.5.2. variation - the differences between buildings within a particular type due to contigencies of loaction, construction or use

2.1.6. closely related to living activities

2.2. relationship with city character

2.2.1. arrangement

2.2.1.1. grid

2.2.1.1.1. examples

2.2.2. density and diversity

2.2.2.1. hybrid building

2.2.2.2. china town Muslim area in other country

2.3. vs rural

2.3.1. similarities

2.3.1.1. architect usually not involved

2.3.1.2. still about locality

2.3.2. difference

2.3.2.1. may not built by thet residents themselves

2.3.2.2. material may not from the nature

2.3.2.3. may not be individually finance

3. informal settlement

3.1. reason of existence

3.1.1. historical, political and social reason

3.1.2. economic

3.2. affect cultural and social identities

3.3. usually illegal

3.4. can be the drain or deadend of the economy of those who living in it

3.5. characteristic

3.5.1. rough material

3.5.2. similar to the neighbor

3.5.3. particular way of living

3.6. kind of land occupied

3.6.1. city outskirts

3.6.1.1. unused land not yet developed by developer

3.6.2. within cities

3.6.2.1. adjacent to railroads/highways/public facilites

3.7. layouts

3.7.1. grid

3.7.2. organic

3.8. material

3.8.1. sheet metal

3.8.2. concrete

3.9. problematic condistion

3.9.1. water drainage

3.9.2. hygiene problem

3.9.3. security

3.9.4. crowded

3.9.5. electricity supply and leakage

4. landscape

4.1. type

4.1.1. public/private

4.1.2. urban/rural

4.1.3. natural/man-made

4.1.3.1. natural

4.1.3.1.1. not affect by human activities

4.1.3.2. man-made

4.1.3.2.1. definition

4.1.3.2.2. elite

4.1.3.2.3. commoners

4.1.4. ethnographic ("Hardesty, Donald L, Ethnographic Landscapes Transforming Nature into Culture")

4.2. definition

4.2.1. visible features of an area of land with aesthetic appeal

5. Threats in Asia

5.1. economic, cultural and architectural homogenization

5.2. global socioeconomic transformation

5.3. unprecedented growth and change

5.4. high value land price

5.5. major infrstructure programs

5.6. environmental pollution

5.7. the demand of more carrying capacity

5.8. human activities like war and campaign,etc

5.9. natural disaster

5.10. stakeholders

5.10.1. communities

5.10.2. government

5.10.3. planners

5.10.4. architects

5.10.5. conservationist

5.10.6. multidisciplinary specialists

6. conservation

6.1. cultural values

6.1.1. definition

6.1.1.1. shared social value within the community

6.1.2. outstanding universal value

6.1.2.1. its value transcends national boundaries

6.1.2.2. of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity

6.2. sustainable

6.2.1. culturally

6.2.2. physically

6.3. threat

6.3.1. rapid urbanization

6.3.2. uncontrolled population

6.3.3. environmental degration

6.3.4. economical land prices pressure

6.3.5. urban renewal

6.3.6. globalization

6.3.7. cultural homogenization

6.3.8. human ignorance

6.3.9. wars

6.4. definition

6.4.1. creative forward looking activities

6.4.2. vs preservation

6.4.2.1. frozen in time

6.5. authentic

6.5.1. should not replicate and create a fake one

6.6. approach

6.6.1. not just for tourism

6.6.2. adopt to modern standard of living

6.6.3. refurbishment must not affect the cultural values of the structure

6.6.3.1. The amount of change to a place should be guided by the cultural significance of the place and its appropriate interpretation.

6.6.4. the original fabric is not removed.

6.7. cultural sustainability

7. Definition

7.1. ICOMOS

7.1.1. traditional and natural way of communities housing themselves

7.1.2. continuous adated to social and environmental changes

7.2. who?

7.2.1. by professional architects

7.2.2. by ordinary people with same cultural of ethnic root

7.3. how?

7.3.1. share knowledge of a particular region, traditional

7.3.1.1. timeless way of building

7.3.1.2. tradition is mostly pass by oral and labour

7.4. what?

7.4.1. include buildings and landscapes

7.4.2. common materials, construction systems and crafts

7.4.3. local dialect in built form

7.4.4. buildings built in a particular place at particular time

7.5. examples ("architecture without architects")

7.5.1. by natural subtraction

7.5.1.1. cave dwellings

7.5.1.2. Gironde

7.5.2. by attaching

7.5.2.1. hill towns

7.5.2.2. cliff dwellings

7.5.2.3. aquatics architecture

7.5.3. nomadic

7.5.3.1. yurt

7.5.4. town

7.5.4.1. family size

7.5.4.1.1. hk village

7.5.4.2. fortified

7.5.4.2.1. tulou

7.5.5. arcades

7.5.5.1. covered

7.5.5.1.1. Spain

7.5.5.2. semi-covered

7.5.5.2.1. Africa

7.5.6. fragmented

7.5.6.1. pile

7.5.6.1.1. Chinese Ho keou

7.5.6.2. skeletal

7.5.6.2.1. lake garda

8. cultural

8.1. definition

8.1.1. tangible or intangible

8.1.2. accumulated with times and changed with time

8.1.2.1. There is no frozen point of culture. Culture is an accumulated process.

8.1.2.2. like a process which is constantly changing

8.1.3. collective vs individual

8.1.3.1. way of living and common values

8.1.3.2. collective identity of a group

8.2. programme and user

8.2.1. way of living and culture

8.3. ornament and symbol

8.3.1. show world views and religious ideas

8.4. materials

8.4.1. system, technologies

8.5. examples

8.5.1. Banyan trees at the entrance for communual space and

8.5.2. ancestral hall for negotiation and deals

8.6. three levels in Rapoport's framework ("Vernacular architecture of the World- Meaning")

8.6.1. people and their use of space

8.6.1.1. low level meaning

8.6.1.1.1. can identify social situations and expected behavior, privacy and accessibility, seating arrangement, movement and way finding

8.6.1.1.2. example

8.6.1.2. middle level meaning

8.6.1.2.1. identity , status , whealth and power by features

8.6.1.2.2. examples

8.6.1.3. high-level meaning

8.6.1.3.1. examples

8.6.1.3.2. philosophies and relationship with the universe

8.6.2. approach

8.6.2.1. specific method and tech

8.6.2.2. liguistic and semoitic models

8.6.2.3. non-verbal communication in psychology and ethology

8.6.2.4. symbolic

9. climate

9.1. characteristic in Asia

9.1.1. world largest population

9.1.2. compose highest population and lowest population

9.1.3. include 8 climatic zones

9.1.3.1. Arctic and Subarctic

9.1.3.2. continental

9.1.3.2.1. typologies

9.1.3.2.2. dry and cold

9.1.3.2.3. could be hot in day time

9.1.3.3. desert

9.1.3.4. Maritime

9.1.3.4.1. control by summer and winter monsoons

9.1.3.5. Monsson

9.1.3.5.1. hot and rainier

9.1.3.6. Tropical and equatorial

9.1.3.7. montane

9.1.3.7.1. altitude of land

9.1.3.7.2. orientation of slopes

9.1.3.8. subtropical

9.1.3.8.1. humid and warm

9.2. strategies

9.2.1. cope with it instead of fighting against

9.2.1.1. fenestration

9.2.1.1.1. large windows for hot and wet

9.2.1.1.2. small windows for hot and dry

9.2.1.1.3. muslim Jali sunshading rather than ventilation

9.2.1.2. fixture

9.2.1.2.1. heated beds

9.2.1.2.2. kangs

9.2.1.3. material

9.2.1.3.1. white wash plaster wall(Suzhou)

9.2.1.3.2. dried plants in southeast Asia

9.2.1.4. form

9.2.1.4.1. more floors and stepped roofs for more suunlight

9.2.1.4.2. courtyard house

9.2.1.5. positioning

9.2.1.5.1. raised floor made of clay for thermal insulation (Japan)

9.2.1.5.2. soil for thermal insulation

9.2.1.5.3. stilt structure - raised platform prevent flooding

9.2.1.6. orientation

9.2.1.6.1. theory

10. material

10.1. types

10.1.1. natural

10.1.1.1. mud

10.1.1.2. clay

10.1.1.3. wood

10.1.1.4. stone

10.1.1.5. grass

10.1.1.6. animal products

10.1.1.7. timber

10.1.1.8. earth

10.1.1.8.1. ram earth

10.1.1.8.2. adobe brick

10.1.1.8.3. earth cave

10.1.2. manufactured

10.1.2.1. glass

10.1.2.1.1. rolled sheet

10.1.2.2. cast iron

10.1.2.3. tin sheets

10.1.2.4. corrugated metal sheets

10.1.2.5. asbestos sheets

10.2. construction method

10.2.1. slip forming

10.3. rituals and ceremonies

10.3.1. for

10.3.1.1. harvesting of building materials

10.3.1.2. selecting auspicious days

10.3.1.3. start of construction

10.3.1.4. construction process

10.3.2. example

10.3.2.1. hk roast pig offerings to the construction deity

10.3.2.2. japan, Chinese ancestral altars

10.3.2.3. Chinese fengshui ("Vernacular Architecture of the World ")

10.3.2.3.1. locate the qi

10.3.2.4. japanese Hoigaku ("Shibata Tatsuya, Hoigaku Japanese"

10.4. dimensionning

10.4.1. luban scale

10.4.2. human body

10.4.2.1. foot inch

10.4.2.2. finger

10.4.2.3. fore arm