Sulphur

1. Reservoirs

1.1. Earth Crust

1.1.1. Largest physical reservoir

1.1.2. Gypsum (CaSO4)

1.1.3. Pyrite (FeS2)

1.2. Ocean

1.2.1. Largest biological reservoir (Useful sulphur)

1.2.2. Sulphate anion

1.2.3. Dissolve hydrogen sulphide gas

1.2.4. Elemental sulphur

1.3. Fresh Water

1.3.1. Sulphate

1.3.2. Hydrogen Sulphide

1.3.3. Elemental Sulphur

1.4. Land

1.4.1. Contain Sulphate

1.4.2. Fossil fuel

1.4.2.1. Sulphur dioxide from industry

1.4.2.1.1. Coal

1.4.2.1.2. Engine

1.5. Atmosphere

1.5.1. Sulphur oxide (SO2)

1.5.2. Methane Sulphonic Acid (CH3SO3-)

1.5.3. Volcanic Activity

2. GROUND TO ATMOSPHERE (CYCLES)

2.1. Volcanic eruption, hot springs, anaerobic decay

2.1.1. Releases sulphide gas (H2S) to the atmosphere

2.1.2. Eruption also releases sulphur dioxide (SO2)

2.2. Ocean

2.2.1. Dimethyl sulphide (CH3)2S released to the atmosphere by MARINE ALGAE

2.2.1.1. Some dimethyl sulphide reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphur dioxide

2.3. Burning of fossil fuels

2.3.1. Releases sulphur dioxide

2.4. SO2 +  O2 ---> SO3

2.4.1. Some sulphur trioxide reacts with tiny droplets in the air to form  sulphuric acid H2SO4

2.4.2. SO3 also reacts with ammonia to form ammonium salt

3. ATMOSPHERE TO GROUND (CYCLES)

3.1. Wind and precipitates

3.1.1. Carry the droplets of sulphuric acid and particles to the earth

4. FOOD CHAINS

4.1. Plants taken up sulphate ions from the soil

4.2. Animals get sulpphur from the plants

4.3. Animals release sulphur again into the soil

4.4. Sulphur compunds is taken up again by the plant

4.5. Anaerobic bacteria release sulphur gas to the atmosphere after hydrogen sulfide is broken down

4.6. Aerobic bacteria incorporate sulfur into sulfate salts

4.7. The sulfate salts can be taken up by plants