My Foundations of Education

1. History of U.S Education

1.1. Affirmative Action

1.2. Brown v. Topeka Board of education

1.2.1. May 17, 1954 the Supremem Court ruled that state-imposed segregation of schools was unconstitutional

2. Philosophy of Education

2.1. Pragmatism

2.1.1. Generic Notions-that children were active, organic beings, growing and changing, and thus required a course of study that would reflect their particular stages of development

2.1.2. Key Researchers-were George Sanders Pierce(1839-1914), William James (1842-1910), John Dewey (1859-1952).

2.1.3. Goal of Education-to provide "conjoint,communicated experience" that school should function as preparation for life in a democratic society.

2.1.4. Role of the Teacher-the teacher assumes the peripheral position of the facilitator. The teacher encourages, offers suggestions, questions, and helps plan implement courses of study . Also, writes curriculum and have command of several disciplines.

2.1.5. Method of Instruction-proposed method of children learning individually or in groups.

2.1.6. Curriculum-There is no fixed curriculum, curriculum changes as social order changes and as children's interests and needs change.

3. Equality of Oppprtunity

3.1. Class-divided up of upper middle class, middle class, working class, and underclass.  Obviously upper and middle class students are favored to go further in academics than working and underclass because they can afford higher education.

3.2. Race-because minorities receive fewer and inferior educational opportunities than whites Which then put them behind in educational statistics.

3.3. Gender-In the past boys were seen to progress faster in academics but this has drastically changed since girls have been proven to succeed faster academically than boys. Giving girls the edge in equality for education.

3.4. Coleman Study 1982

3.4.1. 2.Racial and socioeconomic composition of a school has a greater effect on student achievement than an individuals race and class.

3.4.2. 1.Private schools academically scored higher than public schools by a drastic margin. Private schools demanded more from their students.

4. Politics of Education

4.1. Four Purposes of Education

4.1.1. Conservative

4.1.2. Liberal

4.1.3. Radical

4.1.4. Neo-Liberal

4.2. Role of the school

4.2.1. Directly concerned with the aims, purposes, and functions of education in a society

5. Schools as Organizations

5.1. State Senators

5.1.1. Senior Richard Shelby

5.1.2. Junior Jefferson "Jeff" Sessions

5.2. House of Representative

5.2.1. House District 8 Terri Collins

5.3. State Superintendent

5.3.1. Dr.Phillip Cleveland

5.4. Local Superintendant

5.4.1. Dr. Dan Brigman

5.5. Representative State School Board

5.5.1. Sally Smith J.D

5.6. Local Schoolboard

5.6.1. President Karen Duke

5.6.2. Board-Joe Propst, Michele Gray-King, Dwight Jett Jr.,Donni Lane

5.6.3. Chief Financial Officer-Melanie Maples

5.7. Elements of Change

5.7.1. Conflict-previously hidden problems, issues and disagreements surface and staff must be available to elicit,manage and resolve conflicts

5.7.2. New Behaviors-change requires new relationships an behaviors thus building communication and trust ,enabling leadership and initiative to emerge, learning techniques of communication,collaboration, and conflict resolution

5.7.3. Team Building-shared decision making must consciously work out and give on-going attention to relationships within the rest of the school staff.

5.7.4. Process and Content-the process a team uses in going about its work.  Content the educational changes a school attempts.

6. Curriculum and Pedagogy

6.1. Developmentalist Curriculum-I chose  developmentalist curriculum because it is related to the needs and interests of the student rather the needs of society. Connecting the process of teaching as well as its content.

6.2. Two Main Traditions of Teaching

6.2.1. Traditional-Curriculum is an organized body of knowledge that represents political,social, and ideological interests.

6.2.2. Sociological-looked at the curriculum as a reflection of the dominant issues in society, and suggested that what is taught in schools is critical component of the effects of school.

7. Sociological Perspectives

7.1. Theorectical Perspective

7.1.1. In institutions of higher education, affirmative action refers to admission policies that provide equal access to education for those groups that have been historically excluded or underrepresented, such as women and minorities.

7.1.2. Functionalism - schools socialize students into the appropriate values and sort and select students according to their abilities.

7.1.3. Conflict Theory - the struggle amongst teachers and students, teachers and administrators and so on.  That schools promote learning according to their abilities.

7.1.4. Interactionalism -by examining the microsociological of the interactional aspects of life people are less likely to create theories that are logical and eloquent but withoutmeaningful content.

8. Educational Inequality

8.1. Cultural Deprivation Theory

8.1.1. Working class and non-white families often lack the cultural resources, such as books, and other educational stimuli, and thus arrive at school at a significant advantage.

8.1.2. Educationally disadvantaged student who achieve poorly because they have not been raised to acquire the skills and dispositions required for satisfactory academic achievement.

8.2. School Centered Explanations

8.2.1. School Financing-wealthier neighborhoods have better schools.  Local Property taxes are a significant source of school funding

8.2.2. Effective School Research-Researching schools adequately to see where they needed improvement, because of higher and lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Which goes back to rich and poor communities.

8.2.3. Curriculum and Pedagogic Practices-this research  looked differences between schools in inner-city, lower socioeconmic neighborhoods in order to demonstrate that school can make a difference in these commuinties

8.2.4. Gender and Schooling-this inequality focuses on how women are seen less inferior to men and aren't given the same opportunities

9. Educational Reform

9.1. School based reforms

9.1.1. No Child Left Behind - a landmark reform from George Bush's Presidency made to level the field for all students to be treated fairly despite their social class and race.

9.1.2. Race to the Top Fund - was first made to help aid No Child Left Behind.  Requested that schools implement four education reform areas.

9.2. Reforms

9.2.1. Political - Mayoral control of urban districts is said to eliminate corruption, leads to effective and efficient management to budgeters, increases student achievement, and reduces te political battles endemic to elected school boards

9.2.2. Community Reforms - Harlem Children's Zone was started from people in Canada to help African American children in stay where they lived but changing the neighborhood and the children by providing them with the resources for a better education.