1. Indus River
2. Religion
2.1. Sumeria
2.1.1. Believed to be protected by god
2.1.2. Gods were called Dingir
2.1.3. Everyone was expected to sing hymns, say prayers, make sacrifices, and bring offerings to the local temples for the Gods
2.1.4. God
2.1.5. Gods and Goddesses had supernatural powers
2.2. Indus Valley
2.2.1. Hinduism: ~1700-1100 B.C.E ~Polytheistic
2.2.2. Buddhism: ~365 B.C.E ~Monotheistic
3. Economy and Trade
3.1. Sumeria
3.1.1. Their economy was based on farming and trade
3.1.2. After time, industry became important as well
3.1.3. Known for their metalwork, woolen textiles, and pottery
3.1.4. Copper, tin, and timber were imported goods and they were traded for dried fish, wool, wheat, and metal goods
3.2. Indus Valley
3.2.1. Economy depended greatly on trade
3.2.2. Trade was conducted within the civilization
3.2.3. Advancements in technology created easier methods of transporting goods
3.2.4. Methods of transportation were carts and boats
4. Geography and Agriculture
4.1. Sumeria
4.1.1. Soil was enriched because of layers of silt
4.1.2. Had an abundance of crops
4.1.3. Consisted of dry days and cold nights
4.1.4. Grew wheat and barley and raised cattle and sheep
4.2. Indus Valley
4.2.1. Raised cattle, goats, and sheep
4.2.2. Grew peas, wheat, and barley
4.2.3. Mountains border the area, providing protection from attack and disease
4.2.4. Stretches across current day India, Nepal, and Pakistan
5. Social Structure and Family Life
5.1. Sumeria
5.1.1. The three social groups were the nobles, commoners, and the slaves
5.1.2. Nobles: the royal and religious officials
5.1.3. Commoners: worked as farmers, merchants, and crafts people
5.1.4. More than 90% of the people were farmers due to the rich soil
5.2. Indus Valley
5.2.1. Brahmins: Priests and the King
5.2.2. Kshatriyas: Warriors and Aristocrats
5.2.3. Vaishyas: Cultivators, artisans, and merchants
5.2.4. Shudras: Peasants and serfs
6. Tigris and Euphrates
7. Science and Technology
7.1. Sumeria
7.1.1. Number system
7.1.2. Irrigation systems
7.1.3. The wheel
7.1.4. Boats
7.2. Indus Valley
7.2.1. Precise measurement and weighing system
7.2.2. Weapons
7.2.3. Bronze weapons
7.2.4. Used clay for art and tools
7.2.5. Crafted arrows
8. Government and Leader
8.1. Sumeria
8.1.1. governments were designed to develop and direct projects
8.1.2. Projects may include creating dikes and canals to avoid flooding
8.1.3. When the Sumerian cities grew to become more powerful they came up with the idea of having one central leader rule multiple cities.
8.1.4. They shifted from independent cities to one unified nation.
8.2. Indus Valley
8.2.1. They have a theocracy government. Which means government and religion were combined.
8.2.2. The priest was the ruler of their civilization.
8.2.3. They had social, human, and personal laws to help run their society.
8.2.4. They did not have any courts.
9. Arts and Education
9.1. Sumeria
9.1.1. Most of the students were male
9.1.2. Only the wealthy attended school
9.1.3. Students would be whipped and beaten if they got an indirect answer
9.1.4. Children were tought by a priest
9.2. Indus Valley
9.2.1. Made sculptures out of bronze, stone, terracotta, and clay.
9.2.2. Made small clay figures of people and animals
9.2.3. The figures often represented exploring and sporting relationships between others, gods, and animals
9.2.4. The two major stone statues of the Indus Valley are called the "Bearded man" and "Male Torso"