1. Treatment
1.1. Surgical
1.1.1. Valve replacement
1.1.2. Ventricular reconstructive surgery
1.1.3. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
1.2. Non-Surgical
1.2.1. ACE inhibitors
1.2.2. Heart Transplant
1.2.3. Angiontensin II receptor blockers
1.2.4. Diuretics
2. Prevetion
2.1. Primary
2.1.1. Decrease the rate of incidence
2.1.2. improvement in medical care
2.1.3. Healthy lifestyle/habits
2.1.4. avoid illegal drugs
2.2. Secondary
2.2.1. Consult a Dr.
2.2.1.1. proper physical activity
2.2.1.2. on-going care/ and treatment
2.2.2. Avoid drinking alcohol
2.2.3. treatment of hypertension, heart disease, abnormal heart rhythm, etc.
2.2.3.1. Antiarrhythmic therapy
2.3. Tertiary
2.3.1. Avoid heart workload
2.3.2. Take your required medicine
2.3.3. rehabilitation
2.3.4. reduce risk factors
3. Epidemiology
3.1. Incidence
3.1.1. over 5.5 million have heart failure
3.1.2. more than 650,000 diagnosed for the first time
3.1.3. hospital rates increased over the last decade
3.2. Economic Burden
3.2.1. reason for 12-15 million Dr./hospital visits
3.3. Prevelance
3.3.1. increased rate of prevelance
3.3.2. Possibly an emerging epidemic
3.3.3. 1-2% had a self-report from 1971-1975
4. Clinical Features
4.1. Left Ventricle
4.1.1. Cough
4.1.1.1. Mucus/blood
4.1.1.2. impaired left ventricle systolic function has an overall burden
4.1.2. decreased urine production
4.1.3. fatigue/weakness
4.1.4. Shortness of breath
4.1.5. heart palpitations
4.2. right ventricle
4.2.1. swelling of feet/ankles
4.2.2. excessive urination
4.2.3. irregular fast heart beat
4.2.4. pronounced neck veins
5. Pathophysiology
5.1. systole
5.1.1. enlargement ventricles
5.1.2. pumps less 40% blood
5.2. diastole
5.2.1. Shift ventricles
5.2.2. cuts 60% of bloods
5.2.3. pumps less than normal
5.3. peripheral
5.3.1. Activation of renal-adrenal system
5.3.2. Activation of Cardiac Rns
5.4. enlargement
6. Etiology (cause)
6.1. leaky (narrow heart vavle
6.2. heart attack
6.3. Heart Valve Disease
6.4. Abnormal Heart Rhythm
6.5. Hypertension
6.6. Other:
6.6.1. Hyperthyroidism
6.6.2. Hypothyroidism
6.6.3. Emphysema
6.6.4. Severe Anemia