1. EXISTENTIALISM
1.1. PROPENENT
1.1.1. soren Kierkegaard
1.2. NATURE
1.2.1. human do not possess the essence; they make choices that create their own nature
1.3. AIM
1.3.1. to educate the whole person, not just the mind, since feeling is not divorced from reason in decision making
1.4. CURRUCULUM
1.4.1. learning is self-paced, self-directed
1.5. SUBJECT
1.5.1. history, arts, value
1.6. PEDAGOGY
1.6.1. focus is on the individual
1.7. ROLE OF STUDENT
1.7.1. freely choose what subject/s they want to study as long as they are interested in it.
1.8. ROLE OF TEACHER
1.8.1. help student define their own essence by exposing them to various paths they take in life
1.9. student-centered
2. ESSENTIALISM
2.1. PROPENENT
2.1.1. plato & aristotle
2.2. NATURE
2.2.1. basic skills, art, sciences
2.3. AIM
2.3.1. to instill all student with the most essential or basic academic knowledge and skills & character development
2.4. CURRICULUM
2.4.1. traditional discipline
2.5. SUBJECT
2.5.1. math, natural science, history, foreign language, literature
2.6. PEDAGOGY
2.6.1. student being taught about the people, events, ideas & institutes that have shaped
2.7. ROLE OF STUDENT
2.7.1. master a set body of information & basic techniques for their grade/level before they are promoted to the next higher grade
2.8. ROLE OF TEACHER
2.8.1. serve as intellectual & moral role model for the students
2.9. teacher-centered
3. REALISM
3.1. PROPENENT
3.1.1. aristotle
3.2. NATURE
3.2.1. essential & practical knowledge
3.3. AIM
3.3.1. emphasis on the practical side 1600 - 1700 record keeping period (moral education)
3.4. CURRICULUM
3.4.1. scientifically approached, standardizes & distinct-discipline based
3.5. SUBJECT
3.5.1. science & mathematic
3.6. PEDAGOGY
3.6.1. focus on mastery of facts & basic skills through demonstration & recitation
3.7. ROLE OF STUDENT
3.7.1. demonstrate the ability to think critically & scientifically using observation & experimentation
3.8. ROLE OF TEACHER
3.8.1. organizes & present content systematically within a discipline, demonstrate use of criteria in making decision
3.9. student-centered
4. IDEALISM
4.1. PROPENENT
4.1.1. plato
4.2. NATURE
4.2.1. mind, soul, spirit
4.3. AIM
4.3.1. to discover and develop each individual's abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society
4.4. CURRICULUM
4.4.1. subject matter of mind
4.5. SUBJECT
4.5.1. literature, history, philosophy & religion
4.6. PEDAGOGY
4.6.1. focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion & socratic dialogue
4.7. ROLE OF STUDENT
4.7.1. must have qualities like respect towards his teacher
4.8. ROLE OF TEACHER
4.8.1. to lead the pupil from darkness to light and he has to help him in development of his personality.