1. Aligning Objectives and Assessment
1.1. measure of degree of which the students have learned the material
1.1.1. quizzes
1.1.2. tests
1.1.3. informal verbal assessments
1.1.4. Writing an essay
1.1.5. painting a picture
2. Taxonomies
2.1. Blooms Taxonomy
2.1.1. Knowledge (recalling info)
2.1.2. Comprehension
2.1.3. Application
2.1.4. Analysis
2.1.5. Synthesis
2.1.6. Evaluation
2.2. using behavior content matrix
2.2.1. a chart that shows a skills or concept that will be taught and assessed at different cognitive levels
2.3. Objectives beyond the basics
2.3.1. instructional goals related to attitudes and values
3. Evaluation
3.1. Feedback to students
3.1.1. need to know results of their efforts
3.2. Feedback to teachers
3.2.1. feedback of effectiveness of student teaching
3.3. information to teachers
3.4. information to parents
3.4.1. report cards, teacher keeping parent informed
3.5. information for selection and certification
3.5.1. putting students into groups based on skill
3.6. information for accountability
3.6.1. students serve as data
3.7. incentives to increases student effort
3.7.1. motivators for students
3.8. Formative evaluation
3.8.1. inform teachers if students need more instruction
3.9. summative evaluation
3.9.1. testing student knowledge. Final exams
3.10. norm referenced interpertations
3.10.1. focused on comparisons of student scores
3.11. criterion referenced interperatiations
3.11.1. focused on asses students mastery of specific skills
4. Principles of achievement testing
4.1. achievement tests should measure clearly defined learning objectives that are in harmony with instructional objectives
4.2. achievement tests should measure a representative sample of the learning tasks included in the instruction
4.3. achievement tests should include the types of test items that are most appropriate for measuring the desired learning outcomes
4.4. achievement tests should fit the particular uses that will be made of the results
4.5. achievement tests should be as reliable as possible but nevertheless interpreted with caution
4.6. achievement tests should improve learning
5. Writing selected response test items
5.1. multiple choice items
5.2. true false items
5.3. matching items
6. Writing constructed responses items
6.1. fill in the blank items
7. Portfolio assessment
7.1. collection and evaluation of samples of student work over an extended period of time
8. Performance assessment
8.1. tests that involve actual demonstrations of knowledge or skills in real life
8.2. Effectiveness of performance assessments
8.2.1. focus on teachers teaching a narrow range of skills that happen on tests
8.3. Scoring rubrics
8.3.1. specify in advance the type of performance that is expected for each activity
9. Assigning letter grades
9.1. absolute grading standads
9.1.1. 90-100 percent = A
9.1.2. 80-89 = B
9.1.3. 70-79 = C
9.1.4. 60-69 = D
9.1.5. 60 or below = F
9.2. Relative grading standards
9.2.1. teacher assigns grades based on students rank in the class
10. Instructional Objective
10.1. AKA Behavioral Objective
10.1.1. Statement of skills and concepts students must know
10.2. 3 parts to it
10.2.1. Performance
10.2.1.1. objective always says what a learner is expected to do
10.2.2. conditions
10.2.2.1. describes the conditions of which performance is to occur
10.2.3. Criterion
10.2.3.1. objective describes criterion of acceptable performance
10.3. Planning Lessons
10.3.1. Write specific objectives
10.3.2. Write clear objectives
10.3.3. Perform A task analysis
10.3.3.1. Identify prerequisite skills
10.3.3.2. identify component skills
10.3.3.3. plan how component skills will be assembled in the final skill
10.3.4. Backward Planning