Enlightenment

1. Embrace New Ideas

1.1. philosophes tried to spread new ideas

1.2. enlightened desposts were people who embraced new ideas

1.3. Frederick the Great attempted reform

1.3.1. King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786

1.4. Frederick openly praised Voltaire's work

1.5. Frederick tolerated religious differences

1.6. He also had a disdain for torture

1.7. Catherine the great exchanged letters with Voltaire and Diderot

1.8. She believed in equality and liberty

1.9. She became empress of Russia in 1762

1.10. She abolished torture

2. Joseph II

2.1. eager student of enlightenment

2.2. learned of his subjects problems

2.3. he closed many monasteries to help the sick people

2.4. supported religious equality

2.5. abolished serfdom

3. Challenge Society

3.1. social justice

3.2. happiness

3.3. censorship of ides

3.4. ideas spread to salons

4. Arts and Literature

4.1. baroque paintings

4.2. glorified historic battles

4.3. architects and designers reflected change in ruling

4.4. more pastel colors

4.5. more flowers and delicate shells

4.6. portrait painters got more creative

4.7. upper middle class enjoyed paintings

4.8. Inspired composers

4.8.1. Bach, Haydn, and Handel

4.9. books about current times appeared and appealed to middle class readers

4.9.1. Book Robinson Crusoe