1. Schools as Organizations
1.1. Element of change within school processes and cultures
1.1.1. Schools
1.1.1.1. Schools are political organizations in which there are many competing interests. Schools are deeply political making change very hard.
1.1.2. teachers
1.1.2.1. Teachers are usually represented by unions. These have a lot to do with salaries and conditions of the school.
1.1.3. students
1.1.3.1. Students also have the ability to effect change.
1.1.4. Local Boards
1.1.4.1. Local boards have a voice. They control the pay and professional standards. Although these things are usually negotiated.
1.1.5. Communities
1.1.5.1. Communities also have a big influence.
1.1.6. Bureaucrats
1.1.6.1. Bureaucrats put such strict rules on schools that they erase all individualism. spontaneity, and initiative.
1.1.7. The way schools are organized now can cause cultures to become stagnant. Changing the culture takes patience
1.2. My District Stakeholders
1.2.1. State Senator
1.2.1.1. Greg Reed
1.2.2. State House of Representative
1.2.2.1. Tim Wadsworth
1.2.3. State Superintendent
1.2.3.1. Micheal Sentance
1.2.4. State School Board
1.2.4.1. Jeffrey Newman
1.2.5. Local Superintendent
1.2.5.1. Walker County Schools
1.2.5.1.1. Jason Adkins
1.2.6. Local School Board Member
1.2.6.1. Walker County Schools
1.2.6.1.1. Todd Vick
2. Philosophy of Education
2.1. pragmatism-a philosophy in which people work together to solve a problem.
2.1.1. generic notions
2.1.1.1. learn skills by experimenting
2.1.2. key researchers
2.1.2.1. George Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey
2.1.3. goal of education
2.1.3.1. to help people learn to solve problems
2.1.4. role of teacher
2.1.4.1. to encourage, offer suggestions, ask questions, and helps plan a course of study
2.1.5. method of instruction
2.1.5.1. problem solving
2.1.6. curriculum
3. History of U.S. Education
3.1. The Old Deluder Law
3.1.1. established a precedent for public responsibility for education
3.2. No Child Left Behind
3.2.1. It changed the nature of public schooling across the nation by making standardized test scores the primary measure of school quality
4. Curriculum and Pedagogy
4.1. Developmentalist
4.1.1. this is related to the needs of the children rather than the needs of society
4.2. Teaching Traditions
4.2.1. mimetic
4.2.1.1. where the teacher occupies the role of expert
4.2.2. transformative
4.2.2.1. teacher teaches students by discussion, and demonstration
5. Equality of Opportunity
5.1. Coleman Study
5.1.1. Differences makes a difference
5.1.2. Kids did better in private schools, cause private schools emphasizes academic than activities
5.2. Race
5.2.1. Race is related to educational out comes. It is noted that minorities score lower on SAT test than white kids. It is hard to tell the differences between race and class.
5.3. Class
5.3.1. Class is directly related to achievements. Student from upper or middle class families tend to do better on achievements test and are more apt to attend college.
5.4. Gender
5.4.1. Gender is directly related to his/her educational attainment. It has been said for years, that girls are better students. Boys usually surpass girls in math, while girls are ahead in English, literature, etc. Our society discriminates against women occupationally and socially.
6. Educational Inequality
6.1. Cultural deprivation
6.1.1. One deprivation theory is working class and non white families often lack the cultural resources, such as books and other educational stimuli and arrive at school with a disadvantage. The poverty rejects hard work and does not see the need for education The children I poverty have not been raised to get the skills they need for school. A second theory is cultural differences. The kids have cultural disposition and attitudes which cause them to not do well in school.
6.2. school-centered explanations
6.2.1. school financing
6.2.1.1. public schools are financed through taxes, mostly property tax
6.2.2. school research
6.2.2.1. took the responsibility for inequality away from teachers and put it on the community
6.2.3. between school differences
6.2.3.1. are between poor schools and well to do schools
6.2.4. within school differences
6.2.4.1. students are placed in different class based on ability and test scores
7. Politics of Education
7.1. four purposes of education
7.1.1. Intellectual
7.1.1.1. help students acquire higher order of thinking
7.1.2. Political
7.1.2.1. teach children the basic laws of society
7.1.3. Social
7.1.3.1. to teach stability to any society
7.1.4. Economic
7.1.4.1. to prepare students for their later occupations
7.2. the role of the school
7.2.1. to teach students the academics of life and how to live lives to the best of their abilities and to exist in the world
8. Sociological Perspectives
8.1. theoretical perspectives
8.1.1. Functionalism:
8.1.1.1. shows ways societal and institutional forces create a collective conscience based on shared values
8.1.2. Conflict Theory:
8.1.2.1. being concerned with the ways in which differences among groups at the societal level produce conflict and domination that may lead to change
8.1.3. Interactionalism:
8.1.3.1. working together
8.2. 5 effects of schooling on individuals
8.2.1. Knowledge and Attitudes
8.2.1.1. Upper class kids have higher achievements
8.2.2. Education
8.2.2.1. Higher education does not necessarily means better jobs
8.2.3. Gender
8.2.3.1. Males paid more, females have fewer occupational opportunities
8.2.4. Inadequate schools
8.2.4.1. students who attend suburban and private schools get better education
8.2.5. Student peer groups and allienation
8.2.5.1. The conflict of cultures in teachers and students can lead to peer groups and allienation
9. Educational Reform
9.1. school-based reform
9.1.1. schools not doing well, an answer to this was school choice. charter, private, public and magnet was introduced to give parents a choice to send their children to the schools so they could get a better educatioin
9.2. school business partnerships
9.2.1. business got involved to help failing schools but evidence has showed it has not helped
9.3. economic
9.3.1. states came up with programs which includes completely funded preschool, afterschool programs, and summerschools
9.4. community
9.4.1. another way to attack education is to educate the community. doing this the school provided services such as adult education, help clinics, recreational facilities, after school programs, and mental health services.