1. Astronomy
1.1. Kepler
1.1.1. He transformed astronomy by showing that certain regularities were demonstrated in planetary motions. Strongly relied on the mathematical relationship in relation to astronomy.
1.2. Copernicus
1.2.1. Lead to current astronomy with his breakthrough of introducing the sun into the theory of the motion of the planets showing that they are all in the same system. He proposed that the sun was the center of the universe, the Heliocentric belief, and earth revolves around it.
2. Influential origins
2.1. Kepler
2.1.1. He based much of his original beliefs off of Copernicus's theories as well as the works of Tycho Brahe.
2.2. Copernicus
2.2.1. He was shifting away from the ptolemaic model of the heavens that most everyone based their beliefs off of. He was not afraid to go against the beliefs of the Catholic Church with his work.
3. Universal Orbit
3.1. Kepler
3.1.1. He believed that it was not an circular motion, but instead planets moved in ellipses.
3.1.1.1. This gave rise to his three laws of planetary motion.
3.1.1.1.1. Law 1: The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus.
3.1.1.1.2. Law 2: The line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the planet travels around the ellipse.
3.1.1.1.3. Law 3: The squares of the sidereal periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their semimajor axes.
3.2. Copernicus
3.2.1. Believed that the sun was the center of the universe (Heliocentric) and planets move around the sun.
3.2.1.1. This influenced Kepler to later be able to make his laws of planetary motion.
4. Religious acceptance
4.1. Kepler
4.1.1. He commonly tried to tie his theories to religious views.
4.2. Copernicus
4.2.1. He went directly against the Catholic Church with his theory that the earth revolves around the sun.