Cellular Respiration

1. Krebs Cycle

1.1. the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration.

2. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.

3. electron transport chain

3.1. electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors

4. ATP

4.1. Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate a small molecule used in cells as a coenzyme.

5. Autotrophs

5.1. an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions.

6. Heterotrophs

6.1. A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon from inorganic sources but uses organic carbon for growth.

7. Fermentation

7.1. the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

8. Mitochondria

8.1. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.

9. Photosynthesis

9.1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things.

10. Light Reactions

10.1. The net effect of these steps is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

11. Calvin Cycle

11.1. A series of chemical reactions that occurs as part of the dark reactions of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately used to make sugars and starch as food.

12. Chloroplast

12.1. a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

13. Glycolysis

13.1. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP.

14. Oxygen

14.1. Its the life-supporting component of the air.

15. Pyruvic Acid

15.1. organic acid that occurs as an intermediate in many metabolic processes, especially glycolysis.

16. Sugar

16.1. Sugar is the generalized name for sweet, short-chain, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.

17. Lactic Acid

17.1. compound produced when glucose is broken down and oxidized.

18. Ethyl Alcohol

18.1. type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.

19. Sunlight

19.1. The light of the sun which helps plants grow.

20. Granum

20.1. A stacked membranous structure within the chloroplasts of plants and green algae that contains the chlorophyll and is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

21. Thylakoids

21.1. each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.